Microbiology & Public Health Flashcards

Flashcards based on Microbiology and Public Health lecture notes.

Which of the following are ESKAPE pathogen/s? I. Acinetobacter baumannii II. Candida albicans III. Pseudomonas aeruginosa IV. Enterococcus faecalis V. Staphylococcus epidermidis

I, III, IV

The “four o’clock habit” promoted by the Department of Health is designed to prevent the spread of:

Dengue fever

Immunization for diphtheria and tetanus are given as:

Toxoid

Which of the following agents are used as biological weapons? I. Variola major II. Bacillus anthracis III. Yersinia pestis IV. Rickettsia prowazekii

I, II and III

Vehicle borne transmission of the pathogens by contaminated inanimate objects: I. Food II. Water III. Milk IV. Mites

I, II, III

An index that measures the number of deaths due to a specific disease or condition within a susceptible population during a specific period

Mortality rate

Lesions in the oral cavity caused by measles are known as:

Koplik’s spots

Which of the following best describes the role of a pharmacist during a calamity? I. Discuss and educate people in evacuation centers on how to maintain sanitation standards II. Inform the people on how to prevent the spread of contagious diseases such in a crowded confined area III. Manage inventory of medicines and take it to patients IV. Distribute water and food

I, II and III

The use of nitrite as preservative for food is discouraged because:

It can react with amines to form carcinogenic nitrosoamines

Nosocomial infections are:

Infections developed while the patient is in the hospital

Vector of Malaria:

Anopheles mosquito

The specific method of staining spirochetes:

Giemsa stain

Koch postulates include the following, EXCEPT:

The suspected organism should be present in healthy individuals

Backyard gardening community project and putting of herbal plants are among the major activities under this program:

Herbal and Philippine Traditional Medicine

A trace mineral necessary for heme synthesis, electron transport, and wound healing:

Copper

A 5-year-old child presents with symptoms of low-grade fever, coryza, conjunctivitis and Koplik’s spots. The causative agent of this disease belongs to which group of viruses?

Paramyxovirus

The descriptive characteristic of Mycoplasma from other bacteria is their lack of: I. Lipopolysaccharide II. Cell Wall III. ATP synthesis

II only

Acute glomerulonephritis is a non-suppurative complication that follows infection by which of the following organisme?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which of the following organisms is most likely the cause of pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The following viruses possess an outer envelope of lipoprotein, EXCEPT:

Papilloma virus

The number of cases of Filipinos with AIDS has increased tremendously over the past few years. This described as:

Epidemic

The most important antiphagocytic structure of group A streptococci

M protein

This is/are agents given for Chloroquine resistant P. falciparum I. Quinine II. Fansidar III. Mefloquine

I, II and III

Which of the following is/are a NRTI? I. Tenovofir II. Didanosine III. Nelfinavir IV. Efavirenz

I and II

A major cause of blindness in tropical Africa:

Onchocerca volvulus

A national mandated priority public health program and an important tool for the improvement of health and welfare of mothers, children, and other members of the family

Family planning

A gram-negative, kidney-shaped diplococci, oxidase positive with large polysaccharide capsule referred to as glycocalyx

Meningococcus

Anaerobic, gram-positive with terminal spore affecting neurotransmitters leading to excitatory neurons that are unopposed and extreme muscle spasm

Clostridium tetani

Aerobic, non-spore-forming organism that exhibits tumbling motility bd capable of causing meningitis and sepsis in newborn and immunocompromised patients

Listeria monocytogenes

Causes paralysis by blocking the release of acetylcholine

Botulinum toxin

Inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating elongation factor 2

Diphtheria toxin

Stimulates T-cells to produce cytokines

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Stimulates production of cAMP by adding ADP-ribose to a G-protein

Cholera toxin

Examples of obligate anaerobes: I. Pseudomonas II. Actinomyces III. Clostridium IV. Nocardia

II and III

The only gram-positive bacteria that is capable of producing endotoxin:

Listeria monocytogenes

Gas gangrene, also known as clostridial myonecrosis, causative agent:

Clostridium perfringens

Lactose-fermenting enterics I. Shigella II. Salmonella III. Klebsiella IV. E. coli

III and IV

Causative agent of undulating fever:

Brucella spp.

What is the mechanism which makes fluoroquinolones antibiotics, antimicrobial?

Inhibits DNA synthesis

Dengvaxia is a vaccine developed by Sanofi Pasteur against dengue caused by dengue virus serotypes _.

1, 2, 3 and 4

A breakpoint of 0.05mg/kg is established for a new antibiotic. Which of the following bacteria is susceptible to it?

Bacteria C - reduction in numbers observed at a concentration of 0.04mg/kg

Which of the following is/are function/s of a pharmacist in the public health setting? I. Health screenings II. Establishing surveillance and epidemiologic analysis techniques in clinics III. Birth control and family planning IV. Substance abuse prevention

I, II, III and IV

The following are zoonotic diseases, EXCEPT:

None of the choices

A priority program of DOH, which aims at promoting availability of quality services in health centers and hospitals

Sentrong Sigla

Which of the following virus family is characterized as a single-stranded DNA, non-enveloped virus?

Parvoviridae

A protozoan organism usually opportunistic among AIDS patients. It is naturally harbored by cats.

Toxoplasma

This organism is usually acquired by fishermen eating raw small brackish water fish called bagsit (Hyseleostris biparita)

Capillaria philippinensis

The first vaccine for human use made by recombinant DNA technology

Hepa B vaccine

Characteristic of a prokaryotic bacteria

Peptidoglycan

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the comparison of human, bacterial and fungal cells?

Human and fungal cells have similar ribosomes, whereas bacteria have a different one.

The following can be sterilized in an autoclave, EXCEPT:

Olive oil

A sample of E. coli has been subjected to heat for a specified time and 90% of the cells have been destroyed. Which of the following terms best describes this event?

Decimal reduction time

Plates should be incubated:

Agar side down

This period is characterized by generalized and unspecialized signs and symptoms such as body ache, feeling unwell and others

Prodromal stage

Common cold develops its signs and symptoms rapidly and lasts only for a short period of time. This can be described as:

Acute

Diseases that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse: I. Trypanosomiasis II. Hepatitis B III. Lymphogranuloma venereum IV. Chicken pox

II and III

Jane forgot to wash her hands after going to the toilet. Later, she found himself preparing sausages for their meal. Which causative agent will least likely be transmitted?

Toxoplasma gondii

DOH warns public against rainy day-related illnesses or what it calls “WILD” diseases. Which of the following belongs to these diseases? I. Dengue II. Water-borne diseases III. Influenza IV. Leptospirosis

I, II and IV

Interferons are proteins produced by tumor cells and host cells that are infected with viruses, bacteria, and other unknown nucleic acids. Interferons that are obtained from lymphocytes are generally classified as

Gamma-interferon

Its main objective is attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health

WHO

A type of malnutrition associated with inadequate mastication, digestion, absorption, transport, and excretion of nutrient:

Secondary malnutrition

The main host defense against bacterial exotoxin:

IgG and IgM antibodies

Bacterial genes responsible for drug resistance:

B and C

A case of sepsis caused by Staphylococcus aureus has occurred in the hospital. According to your knowledge of the normal flora, what is the most likely source of the bacterium?

Nose

The following are true about Neisseria gonorrhoea, EXCEPT:

It has a pattern sequence X and Y

The bacterium used in Ames test

Salmonella typhi

Microorganism that causes pseudomembranous colitis:

Clostridium difficile

True about bubonic plague: I. Caused by Bubonia pestis II. Characterized by formation of buboes III. Vector is rat flea

I, II and III

Which of the following statements is/are true about Newcastle disease? I. It affects bird species, including domestic poultry. II. The velogenic form is the mildest form. III. It clinically presents nervous and respiratory signs in bird species

I and III

Which of the following statements is/are true about Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease? I. Usually affects infants and children, as well as animals like cattle, pigs, sheep, and deer II. The most common cause is Coxsackie virus A16 III. Good hygiene and handwashing lower the risk of getting infected

II and III

The cause of avian influenza A is:

H5N1 virus

It is implicated as the cause of cervical cancer:

HPV

Trophozoite that resembles “old man’s eyeglasses”:

Giardia lamblia

In clinical cases of malaria, the most favorable time to find parasites in the blood is:

The period just before a paroxysm

Under the microscope, the developmental stage of the egg of this microorganism appears to have a rudimentary lateral spine:

Schistosoma japonicum

Flagyl maybe used to treat: I. Giardiasis II. Trichomoniasis III. Bacterial vaginosis

I, II and III

A psychrophile can grow at:

Cold temperature

Bordet-Gengou agar is used to culture:

Bordetella pertussis

Emerging infectious diseases such as Nipah virus and Hantavirus are classified as:

Category B

Differentiate lactose-fermenting form non-lactose fermenting bacteria: I. BAP II. Mannitol Salt Agar III. MacKonkey Agar IV. EMB Agar

III and IV

Prophylaxis given if a person is suspected of being exposed to non-vaccinated cattle:

Ciprofloxacin

Method of choice for sterilization of ophthalmic solutions:

Filtration

Which microorganisms can be differentiated by coagulase test?

S. aureus and S. epidermidis

Quellung test is used to detect the presence of

S. pneumonia

Based on his Swan-Necked Flask experiment, he concluded that microorganisms are present in air but air itself does not create microbes.

Louis Pasteur

Drug of choice for whooping cough:

Erythromycin

First proposed the theory of Biogenesis, which states that life must arise from pre-existing life:

Rudolf Virchow

1st line drug for systemic mycosis in combination with itraconazole to minimize toxic effect:

Ampothericin B

Norwalk virus

Caliciviridae

An analogue of thymidine and inhibits reverse transcriptase:

Zidovudine

Drugs for HIV that binds directly to reverse transcriptase enzyme prevents viral conversion of RNA to DNA:

NNRTI

Culture media for Helicobacter pylori

Skirrow’s medium

A 27-year-old white man returning from a 2-month active duty in Panama was hospitalized with chills and fever, and a unilateral conjunctivitis with facial edema and regional lymphagatis. Strained thin blood smears reveals extracellular trypomadtigotes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Chaga’s disease

Blocks microtubule-dependent uptake of glucose thus depleting glycogen stores:

Mebendazole

Also known as the Giant Intestinal Fluke:

Fasciolopsis buski

Vector for Tick-borne Relapsing Fever:

Ornithodoros spp.

are considered as the reservoir of Balantidum coli.

Pigs

The following are considered as an oncogenic virus causing diseases, except:

Hepatitis A virus

Smallest free-living organism

Mycoplasma

What organ does enterotoxin affect?

Intestines