MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Diffusion

Intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own

Brownian motion

Zig zag movement of particles in matter

Solids

Definite shape and volume
Cannot be compressed
High density
Do not fill containers completely
Do not flow

Liquids

Have fixed volume but indefinite shape
Less compressible
Less density than solids
May/may not fill containers completely
Flow easily

Gases

No definite shape or volume
Compressed easily
Very low density
Fill containers completely
Flow easily

Particles in a solid

Closely arranged
Strong attractive forces
No movement of particles

Particles in liquids

Loosely packed
Less attractive force
Move continuously

Particles of Gases

Very loosely packed
Very less attractive forces
Move faster in all directions

Rubber band changes it's shape by stretching. Is it a solid?

It is a solid. It changes its shape under force or stretching and it regains its shape when force is removed. On excess force it also breaks.

Sponge can be compressed easily. Is it a solid?

Sponge is a solid. But due to the minute pores in which air is filled, on pressing the air comes it from pores making it more compressible.

When Sugar and salt are kept in different jars, they will have the shapes of jars. Show that they have no fixed shape. Are they solids?

They are solids. Salt and sugar have small crystals, the shape of each crystal remains same when they are placed in jars of different shapes.

rigidity

The inability to bend or forced out of shape
Solids are rigid

Fluidity

The ability of a substance to flow easily
Liquids and gases are fluid

Compressibility

The property of a substance to decrease its volume due to applied force or pressure

Diffusion

Spreading or mixing of a substance with another substance by movement of particles

Latent heat

The heat energy required to change the physical state of a substance completely without rise in temperature

Evaporation

The process of liquids changing into vapour even below its boiling point

Factors effecting the evaporation

Temperature
Surface area
Wind speed
Humidity of air

Evaporation causes cooling

Because when liquid evaporates , it's particles take energy from anything it touches or from surroundings.