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Define anatomy
Anatomy is the study of the parts of the body, structure, and names
Define physiology
Physiology is the study of why and how our parts work and how they work with other organs to maintain balance in the body
Hierarchy of structural organization in order
Chemical>cellular>tissue>organ>organ system>organism
Life functions
Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, metabolism, digestion, excretion, reproduction, growth
Necessities of life
Oxygen, water, nutrients, heat, ions
Function of integumentary system
Protecting body by maintaining boundaries
Function of skeletal system
Support, protection of internal organs, help with movement, mineral storage
Function of muscular system
Movement inside and outside of body
Function of nervous system
Responsiveness to changes in internal and external environment, stimulation of a response to return balance in the body
Function of endocrine system
Release of hormones and response to change to maintain balance
Function of the cardiovascular system
To transport and circulate
Function of the respiratory system
Delivers oxygen and rids of carbon dioxide
Function of immune system
Protects against viruses and pathogens
Function of lymphatic system
Returns fluid to the circulatory and activates immune system
Function of digestive system
Ingesting and processing nutrients
Function of urinary system
Removal of waste and balances out electrolyte levels in body
Function of reproduction system
Growth and continuation of offspring
Homeostasis
Body’s ability to maintain a stable environment when the body is constantly changing
Homeostasis feedback loop
Receptor receives stimulus> control center looks at info> the effector brings body back to regular levels
Negative feedback
The stimulus is reversed back to regular levels
Positive feedback
Original stimulus is repeated and enhanced to final outcome
Different membranes
Pleura- covers lungs
Pericardium- covers heart
Peritoneum covers- covers anterior organs in abdominal cavity
Inner layer- visceral layer
Outer layer- parietal layer
Space in between- holds lipid rice fluid to reduce friction
Sagittal plane
Divides body into right and left does not have to be equal
Frontal plane
Front and back
Transverse
Top and bottom
Superior
Top
Proximal
Close to point of origin
Distal
Away from point of origin
Medial
Closer to midline
Lateral
Away from midline
Inferior
Bottom
Dorsal body cavities
Cranial and spinal
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic- heart and lungs
Abdominal- part of large intestine and digestion organs
Pelvic cavity- reproductive organs, part of large intestine, and urinary organs