Science

Abiotic

Non-living components of an ecosystem (e.g., water, sunlight).

Biotic

Living components of an ecosystem (e.g., plants, animals).

Population

A group of organisms of the same species in a specific area.

Community

Multiple populations of different species interacting.

Ecosystem

The interaction of biotic and abiotic factors in an environment.

Producer

Organisms that make their own food (e.g., plants).

Consumer

Organisms that consume others for energy.

Decomposer

Organisms that break down dead material for nutrients.

Food Web

A network of interconnected food chains showing energy flow.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in an ecosystem.

Herbivores

Organisms that primarily eat plants.

Carnivores

Organisms that primarily eat other animals.

Omnivores

Organisms that eat both plants and animals.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy stored in glucose.

Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking down glucose to release energy.

Greenhouse Effect

Heat trapped by CO₂, methane, and water vapor.

Climate Change

Long-term warming due to greenhouse gases, leading to habitat loss and species extinction.

Lustre

How shiny a substance is.

Hardness

Resistance to scratching.

Combustibility

Ability to burn.

Viscosity

Resistance to flow.

Physical Change

No new substance formed (e.g., ice melting).

Chemical Change

New substance formed (e.g., burning paper).

Proton

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus.

Neutron

A neutrally charged particle located in the nucleus.

Electron

A negatively charged particle located outside the nucleus.

Series Circuit

A circuit where there is only one path for current flow.

Parallel Circuit

A circuit where there are multiple paths for current flow.

Inner Planets

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (rocky planets).

Outer Planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (gas giants).