Greco Persian War
490 BCE, Persians led invasion of Greece to gain wealth, resources, Increase the prestige of the Persian ruler, Darius I, Retaliation for Athens’ support of Ionian rebels.
Battle of Salamis
480 BCE - Greeks defeated Persian fleets off an island / Part of the second Persian invasion
Darius I
Led the first invasion of Greece / despite a large army he was unsuccessful / 3rd Persian empire / for expansion. efficient government, capital city: Persepolis
Themistocles
Athenian politician and military commander / responsible for investing in the Athenian navy / great military strategist / led greek victory at the battle of salamis
Delian League
founded in 478 BCE / The meetings of Greek leaders that were held in Delos
Battle of Thermopylae
480 BCE / opened 2nd persian war / led by Spartan King Leonidas and the persian empire (Xerxes) / king led about 100 hoplites against persian force and were accompanied by 300 men from sparta / persian fleet was destroyed by greeks / greeks ended up not winning the war
Xerxes
Son of darius / commited to avenging his father's loss / raised an even larger army for 2nd invasion / captured athens but was eventually forced to retreat
Battle of Marathon
Beginning of 5th century BCE / Darius wanted revenge, Darius was from persia / persians took advantage of the circumstance but greeks fought back ----> victory that was a huge turning point / first big war
Battle of Platea
490 BCE / Persian king Darius was defeated by Greece / Xerxes invaded greece in 480 BCE but lost / 479 BCE - pausians (greeks in sparta), clashed with the theolytes / persians started attack on greece but lost / this war ended the persian empire.
Leonidas
King of sparta / best known for brave death at the battle of thermopylae / despite being outnumbered, he refused to give up / through defeat, he gave greeks time to rally their forces
Socrates
Greek philosopher from Athens / who contributed to greek philosophy and provided foundation for western philosophy
Plato
ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle
Aristotle
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great / famous for his incredible contributions to philosophy and science
Aeschylus
Greek tragedian; the father of Greek tragic drama
Sophocles
one of the great tragedians of ancient Greece
Euripides
one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece
Homer
author of the Iliad and the Odyssey / one of the greatest literary artists of the world
pindar
Greek lyric poet remembered for his odes
Aristophanes
an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies
Herodotus
the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing
Thucydides
ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War
Polybius
Greek statesman and historian / allowed letters to be easily signaled using a numerical system, called "the Polybius square