490 BCE, Persians led invasion of Greece to gain wealth, resources, Increase the prestige of the Persian ruler, Darius I, Retaliation for Athens’ support of Ionian rebels.
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Battle of Salamis
480 BCE - Greeks defeated Persian fleets off an island / Part of the second Persian invasion
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Darius I
Led the first invasion of Greece / despite a large army he was unsuccessful / 3rd Persian empire / for expansion. efficient government, capital city: Persepolis
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Themistocles
Athenian politician and military commander / responsible for investing in the Athenian navy / great military strategist / led greek victory at the battle of salamis
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Delian League
founded in 478 BCE / The meetings of Greek leaders that were held in Delos
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Battle of Thermopylae
480 BCE / opened 2nd persian war / led by Spartan King Leonidas and the persian empire (Xerxes) / king led about 100 hoplites against persian force and were accompanied by 300 men from sparta / persian fleet was destroyed by greeks / greeks ended up not winning the war
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Xerxes
Son of darius / commited to avenging his father's loss / raised an even larger army for 2nd invasion / captured athens but was eventually forced to retreat
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Battle of Marathon
Beginning of 5th century BCE / Darius wanted revenge, Darius was from persia / persians took advantage of the circumstance but greeks fought back ----> victory that was a huge turning point / first big war
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Battle of Platea
490 BCE / Persian king Darius was defeated by Greece / Xerxes invaded greece in 480 BCE but lost / 479 BCE - pausians (greeks in sparta), clashed with the theolytes / persians started attack on greece but lost / this war ended the persian empire.
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Leonidas
King of sparta / best known for brave death at the battle of thermopylae / despite being outnumbered, he refused to give up / through defeat, he gave greeks time to rally their forces
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Socrates
Greek philosopher from Athens / who contributed to greek philosophy and provided foundation for western philosophy
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Plato
ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle
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Aristotle
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great / famous for his incredible contributions to philosophy and science
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Aeschylus
Greek tragedian; the father of Greek tragic drama
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Sophocles
one of the great tragedians of ancient Greece
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Euripides
one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece
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Homer
author of the Iliad and the Odyssey / one of the greatest literary artists of the world
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pindar
Greek lyric poet remembered for his odes
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Aristophanes
an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies
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Herodotus
the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing
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Thucydides
ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War
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Polybius
Greek statesman and historian / allowed letters to be easily signaled using a numerical system, called "the Polybius square
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