Psychology Concept Quiz 5

Basic Definition of Consciousness

Being aware of your thoughts and/or the environment around you 

2 major divisions of consciousness

Conscience (content) vs. Conscious (state)

2 divisions of state of consciousness

normal waking vs altered

Automatic Processes vs. Controlled Processes

Automatic: brain in constantly sifting through stimulus w/o conscious effort

Controlled: a mental process that requires conscious attention and effort, and is used to perform novel or difficult tasks

What is selective attentiveness? What is the cocktail party effect? Inattentional blindness? 

Selective attentiveness: Narrow focus on select stimuli even though brain still monitors all stimuli

CPE: hearing name mentioned at a party/being able to concentrate on one conversation at a party 

Inattentional blindness: looking without seeing 

Basic definition of hypnosis

An altered state of consciousness allowing for changes in behaviors and perceptions which result from suggestions made by a hypnotist

What are some therapeutic uses for hypnosis

Posthypnotic suggestion (to stop unwanted behavior)

Posthypnotic amnesia (to forget trauma/phobias)

Basics of the two theories of hypnosis 

Role Theory: not an altered state of consciousness (different people have various states of hypnotic suggestibility 

State Theory: hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness (dramatic health benefits/pain management) 

Basic definition of circadian rhythm and what triggers it

Biological clock, 24 hour cycle of daylight/darkness impacts psychological and behavioral functioning 

Triggered by the light/dark coming in from eyes 

5 stages of sleep

Stage 1: Wake: non-rapid eye movement (drowsy:alpha waves)

Stage N1: kind of awake/kind of asleep, last few minutes; once per night (theta waves)

Stage N2: slightly deeper than N1, body temp drops/ heart rate slows [theta waves with spindles (spikes) and K-Complexes (waves)]

Stage N3: Slow wave sleep (deep sleep), muscles relax/blood pressure and breathing rates drop. (Delta waves)

Stage R: Rapid eye movement sleep (dream sleep) (beta waves)

Basic definitions of dreams

visual and auditory experiences that our minds create during l

4 theories of dreams (basic knowledge)

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis Theory: manifest content vs latent content

Information Processing Theory: process info which is critical to survival, lots of daily stimulation, emotional processing

Activation-Synthesis Theory: higher brain centers struggle to make sense of the messages being sent, dreams have no real meaning, limbic system VERY active during dreaming

Extension of Waking Life Theory: what people dream about is very similar to what people do in their everyday life, pre-sleep moments may greatly influence what we dream 

Nightmares… when do they occur? Basic why

During REM sleep, daytime stress, anxiety, and emotional difficulties are often associated

Basic matching for sleep disorders

Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness, includes lapses into sleep and napping

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: responsible for paralysis, during REM does not function, resulting in the acting out of dreams

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea: serious disturbance characterized by a complete absence of air flow

Insomnia: inability to fall asleep or stay asleep

Sleepwalking: disturbance of non-REM sleep characterized by complex motor behavior during sleep

Sleep Terrors: disturbance of non-REM sleep generally occurring in children

Parasomnias vs Dysomnias

para=along side    sleep terrors, sleep walking, nightmare disorders

dys=impaired or abnormal       insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea

Basic understanding of sleep hygiene

good sleep schedule, clean bedroom for sleeping, don’t consume food/alcohol/caffeine before sleep, exercise, don’t take long naps, good quality sheets, limit screen time, make it dark, noise machines

3 classifications of psychoactive drugs and how they impact consciousness

Stimulants: euphoric feeling

Hallucinogens: distorted perception and thought

Depressants: slow down the central nervous system

Two types of dependency 

Physiological and Psychological

Withdrawal/tolerance

Withdrawal: the constellation of symptoms that surface when a drug is removed or withheld from the body

Tolerance: over time your system adapts to the drug and therefore needs more and more to re-create its original effect