Unit 2: Ancient Mediterranean, 3500 BCE – 300 CE

These flashcards cover key elements and concepts from ancient Mediterranean art and architecture, focusing on significant works and their cultural contexts.

What is the significance of the White Temple and its Ziggurat?

Symbol of Sumerian religious architecture serving as a place of worship for deities.

What does the Palette of King Narmer symbolize?

The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Who was Hatshepsut?

A prominent female pharaoh of the New Kingdom in ancient Egypt.

What was the function of the Great Pyramids?

Tombs for pharaohs, built as part of a funerary complex.

What distinguishes the Standard of Ur?

It has two sides depicting war and peace, showcasing Sumerian society.

What architectural feature is characteristic of the Temple of Amun-Re?

The hypostyle hall, supported by numerous columns.

What are ka statues in Egyptian art?

Statues intended to house the spirit of the deceased.

What does Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) exemplify in classical art?

The Greek ideal of proportion and contrapposto in sculpture.

What was the aesthetic principle established by Polykleitos?

The Canon, which defined ideal proportions for the human figure.

What is the primary theme of the Last Judgment of Hunefer?

The judgment of the soul in the afterlife, determining eternal fate.

What does the Winged Victory of Samothrace commemorate?

A victory, possibly related to a naval battle.

What is the main cultural significance of the Pantheon in Rome?

It symbolizes the power and achievements of the Roman Empire through grand architecture.

What does the Augustus of Prima Porta illustrate?

Imperial propaganda showcasing Augustus's divine connection and military success.

What was the function of the Colosseum?

A venue for public spectacles, including gladiatorial contests.

What does the Forum of Trajan represent?

The height of Roman civic architecture, celebrating military victories.

What was the significance of the Acropolis in Athens?

A central religious and cultural site, embodying Athenian democracy and artistic achievement.

What is the artistic style of the Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus?

High relief carving, focusing on chaotic battle scenes between Romans and Barbarians.