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Endosymbiont theory
attempts to explain the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast organelles
peroxisome
small, membrane enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions
middle lamella
a layer that cements the primary walls of plant cells together
plasmodesmata
cytoplasmic connection between two adjacent plant cells
cristae
the inwardly projecting folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
motor protein
molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells
extracellular matrix
a large network of proteins and other molecules that surround, support, and give structure to cells and tissues in the body
desmosomes
intercellular junctions that provide strong adhesion between cells
amphipathic
having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
transport protein
protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism
electrochemical gradient
gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane
cotransport
the coupled transport of chemical substances across a cell membrane
endocytosis
the taking in of a matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to for a vesicle
protein kinase
enzymes that regulate the biological activity of proteins by phosphorylation of specific amino acids with ATP as the source of phosphate
cyclic ATP
hydrophilic molecule, important intracellular second messenger molecule
facilitated diffusion
the transport of molecules from the region of higher concentration to lower concentration with the help of carriers
fluid mosaic model
how scientists describe what the cell membrane looks like and how it functions
phagocytosis
living cells, phagocytes engulf or ingest particles, or infected cells
pinocytosis
a process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with the dissolved small molecules
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