Contrastive | Allophonic | |
---|---|---|
Relation to phonemes | Allophones of separate phonemes | Allophones of the same phoneme |
Predictability of distribution | Unpredictably distributed | Predictably distributed |
How you can tell | Contrastive distribution; minimal pairs | Complementary distribution |
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There are three parts to a phonological rule
Conditioning environment- the environment in which the rule applies
Natural class- a group of sounds in a language that share one or more articulatory or auditory property, to the exclusion of all other sounds in that language
More properties to describe sounds and natural classes:
Types of Phonological Rules
Obligatory rules- a rule that always applies in the speech of all speakers of a language or dialect having the rule, regardless of style or rate of speaking
Optional rules- a rule that may or may not apply in any given utterance, and are responsible for variation in speech
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