Anicca
All things are impermanent, constant change
Anatta
No fixed self, humans are made up of 5 skandhas that are constantly changing
Dukkha
Life is unsatisfactory, suffering
Skandhas
The five elements that make up a human being: form, sensation, perception, mental formations, consciousness - main idea in Theravada Buddhism, accepted within Mahayana Buddhism
Samatha
Samatha Meditation is calmness or breathing meditation, focussing the mind and keeping it focussed, this can be done via breathing or focussing on objects. The more it is practiced the better Buddhist will become. For beginners they will calm the mind using anapanasati, which is breathing meditation
Pratityasamutpada
Dependant origination, the existence of all things is caused by the existence of all things. Everything in the universe is connected
Mettabhavana
The development of loving kindness usually through meditation, develop love for self and then spread that to others, focus on removing hatred from life
Vippassana
insight meditation, it is the ability to see things clearly and get to the heart of things, recognise the truth, it is a meditation that is taught be a master.