Unit 11 States of Matter

Adhesive Forces

Forces of attraction between a liquid and the sides of a container

Allotropes

Two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state

Amorphous

Solid substance made of disorganized arrangement

Calorimeter

An insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in a chemical reaction

Capillary Action

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

Cohesive Forces

Forces of attraction between liquid molecules

Crystalline

Solid substances made of crystals or organized, geometric repeating patterns

Endothermic Process

Absorbs energy in the form of heat

Exothermic Process

Releases energy in the form of heat

Heat

Transfer of energy between objects due to a temperature difference

Heat Capacity

The heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius

Law of Conservation of Energy

In a chemical reaction, energy is neither created nor destroyed

Molar Heat Capacity

The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of substance by 1 ℃

Normal Boiling Point

Temperature at which liquids boils at standard pressure

Phase Diagram

Show the phases of a substance at different temperatures and pressures

Surface Tension

The force that pulls liquid molecules together to minimize the surface area of a liquid

Specific Heat Capacity

The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 ℃

Triple Point

A point on the phase diagram showing a temperature and pressure combination where all three states of matter exist at the same time

Vapor Pressure

The measure of the pressure of gaseous molecules at the surface of a liquid

Volatility

The tendency for liquid particles to enter gas phase at a given temperature