Headland - coastal erosions

Cracks (1)

Weakened areas of rocks running up-down off cliff surface

Caves (2)

Weathering and hydraulic action cause cracks to widen - abrasion can now occur and create a large undercut within the gap

Arch (3)

Caves occur on both sides of the headland and when they meet in the middle a gap is created in the headland

Stack (4)

Weathering and solution erode the bridge of the arch and it eventually collapses into the sea and a tower of rock is left standing on it’s own

Stump (5)

Overtime the stack erodes until it is just above the waterline