4.1.1.a Organisms that cause disease

What is a pathogen?

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism that causes disease

What is a host?

The organism in which a pathogen lives in

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic

What features do bacteria have?

- Circular DNA

- Plasmids

- Pili

- Flagellum

- Peptidoglycan cell wall

- 70S ribosomes

- Slimy capsule

- Plasma Membrane

What is the size of bacteria?

2 micrometers

How do bacteria divide?

binary fission

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

What features do fungi have?

- Nucleus

- Chitin cell wall

- Hyphae

- 80S ribosomes

- mitochondria

- they are parasitic

How do fungi reproduce?

produce spores

Give one example of fungi

Yeast

Are protists eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

What are the features of protists

- Diverse group of organisms

- Unicellular

- Organelles vary depending on species

- 80S ribosomes

What are viruses?

Biological structures that have a nucleic acid genome surrounded by proteins and lipids.

They are NOT cells

What features do viruses have/ not have?

- No membrane

- No cytoplasm

- No organelles

- Parasitic

- Have DNA or RNA

What causes tuberculosis?

Bacteria

What are the characteristics of tuberculosis?

- Kills cells and tissues

- Affects lungs the most

What causes bacterial meningitis?

Bacteria

What are the characteristics of bacterial meningitis?

- Infection of meninges (membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord) so membranes become swollen

- May cause damage to brain and nerves

What causes HIV/AIDS?

Virus

Human Immunodeficiency virus

What are the characteristics of HIV/AIDS?

- Attacks cells in immune system

- Compromises immune response

What causes influenza?

Virus

What are the characteristics of influenza?

- Attacks respiratory system

- Causes muscle pains and headaches

What causes athlete's foot?

Fungus

What are the characteristics of athlete's foot?

- Growth under skin of feet especially between the toes

What causes ringworm?

Fungus

What are the characteristics of ringworm?

- Growth of fungus in skin with spore cases erupting through skin to cause a rash

What causes malaria?

Protoctist spread via a vector

Plasmodium

What are the characteristics of malaria?

- Parasite in blood causes headache and fever

- May progress to coma and death

What causes Ring rot?

bacteria

What are the characteristics of ring rot?

- Ring of decay in vascular tissue

- Leads to wilting

What causes tobacco mosaic virus?

Virus

What are the characteristics of TMV?

- Mottling (yellowing spots on leaves)

- Discolouration of leaves

What causes Black sigatoka?

fungus

Which organisms can get infected with black sigtoka?

bananas

What are the characteristics of black sigatoka?

- Leaf spots on banana plants

- Reduces yield

What causes late blight?

Protoctist

What are the characteristics of late blight?

- Affect leaves and potato tubers

- Black-brown lesions on leaves and stems