APUSH Unit 8 Test

Imperialism

Imperialism

Indicates the expansion of a nation’s empire

Naval Act of 1900

Authorized the construction of battleships that would be clearly offensive in nature

Spanish-American War

• 1898

• Cuba is controlled by Spain

• US has many interests in Cuba

  • Proximity

  • Economics (sugar cane)

  • Independence

  • Yellow Journalism

Annexation of Hawaii

• Forced annexation, territorial expansion, for US business

• Grover Cleveland says no, McKinley convinces Congress

• 1898

Treaty of Paris

• 1898

• Cuban independence

• US gets Guam and Puerto Rico and pays $20 million for the Philippines

Open Door Policy

European Powers had divided China into “spheres of influence” (territories where the country controls)

• Russia

• England

• Japan

• Germany

• Austria

Yellow Journalism

• Embraced dramatic headlines and exaggerated storylines

• Takes of ripe and exciting foreign lands

Alfred Thoyer Mahan

• The Influence of Sea Power upon History

• “To be a World power, a great navy is needed”

Social Darwinism

• The application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to society

  • Specifically in economics and business in America

• Used by supporters of imperialism

White Man’s Burden

(Pro-Expansionists)

• US wants to Christianize the world

Reconcentration

Sent civilians who the Spanish thought might be potential allies of the rebels into heavily guarded camps

Jingoism

Combination of intense American nationalism with a desire for adventure abroad

USS Maine

• Exploded in Havana Harbor

• #1 Reason for US involvement

• US press blames Spain

Rough Riders

Teddy Roosevelt lead this group up San Juan Hill in the most famous event of the war

Teller Amendment

• US has NO INTEREST in taking over Cuba

• Necessary to appease other countries

Platt Amendment

• US and Cuba

• US may intervene in Cuban affairs

• US may maintain naval bases in Cuba (Guantanamo)

Panama Canal

• Will reduce the travel time from Atlantic to the Pacific

  • Helps trade and the navy

Roosevelt Corollary

• The US will police the Americans/intervene in Latin America to protect US interests

• Keep European powers away

US isolation changes drastically in the late 1800s because

• New Industry and Markets (buy and sell with new countries)

• Yellow Journalism

• Religion (Christianize the poor heathens, little brown brothers), (White Man’s Burden)

• Darwinism (survival of the fitest)

Josiah Strong

Our Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis

Sanford Dole

Pineapple King

Remember…

The US does NOT receive Hawaii in the Spanish-American

Reasons for US involvement in S-A War

• Yellow Journalism

• Economic Concerns

• De Lome Letter (Spanish diplomat disses McKinley)

• USS Maine explodes in Havana Harbor

Imperialists

Argue US control of the Philippines will enhance US trade in the Pacific/Asia region

• Causes a huge debate in the US

Anti-Imperial League

• Universal presidents

• Mark Twain

• Samuel Gompers

• Andrew Carnegie

  • Consent of the governed?

  • Why such interest in Asia?

Foraker Act

Puerto Rico

• Sets up gov.

• Future citizenship?

Results of S-A War

• Respect from European powers

• National Pride

• US becomes a power in the Pacific region (markets/resources)

• Navy and Army much improved

• (critical need for a quicker route to the Pacific)

Election of 1900

• GOP- McKinley, T. Roosevelt (VP)

• DEM- Bryan

  • Imperialism was the biggest issue

Russo-Japanese War 1903

• TR does not want Japan to dominate Asia (Manchuria)

• Portsmouth Treaty

• Nobel Peace Prize

Top Green Corner

Oregon Country British Claims Extinguished

• 1846

Left Yellow

Mexico Cession

• 1848

Bottom Green Corner

Gadsden Purchase from Mexico

• 1853

Purple Center

Louisiana Purchase from France

• 1803

Bottom Light Pink Center

Texas Annexed

• 1845

Right Pink

United States

• 1783

Right Yellow Corner

Florida Purchase from Spain

• 1821

William Lloyd Garrison

Showed how bad slavery is

Abraham Lincoln

Doesn’t want slavery to extend into western territories

Stephen Douglas

Popular Sovereignty

John C. Calhoun

Nullification

William Bryan

Cross of Gold Speech

Andrew Jackson

Fought the Seminoles in Florida

Teddy Roosevelt

• Big Stick Diplomacy

  • “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Hawaii and Philippines

• Hawaii

  • First example of imperialism

• Philippines

  • Most controversial

What was the Grange and what did it do

• Organization that formed farmer cooperatives to enable members to enjoy economies of scale by buying and marketing products

• Organized politically and sponsored state legislation to regulate railroads and grain elevators

Insular Cases

Several court cases which concerned the status of territories acquired by the U.S. during the Spanish–American War

• The constitution does not follow the flag