Bio Unit 1 Carbohydrates

What is the role of Carbohydrates

• Quick energy 

• transport stored energy

• serve as carbon skeletons

•  form extracellular assemblies, like the cell wall 

Monosaccharides

monomers that make up polysaccharides

disaccharides

consists of two monosaccharides

Oligosaccharides

made up of several monosaccharides

Polysaccharides 

polymers made up of hundreds/thousands saccharides

Pentoses

Five carbon sugars that make up the backbones of RNA and DNA

Hexoses

• Group of structural isomers

• Common: glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose

What links monosaccharides together? 

Glycosidic bonds 

Where are oligosaccharides are bound?

They are covalently bounded to proteins and lipids on the cell surface

What is the purpose of oligosaccharides?

They serve as recognition signals

Starch

Made up of polysaccharides and is the principal energy storage for plants

Glycogen

Water-insoluble, highly branched polymer of glucose 

Cellulose

Predominant component of plant cell walls