Chemical Senses

Chemical senses are ______ and _____

olfaction (smell) and gustation (taste)

The chemoreceptors respond to chemicals in _____ and are complimentary

aqueous solution

in smell, substances are dissolved in _____.

mucus

In taste, substances are dissolved in _____.

saliva

Smell is the ______ sense to develop in the embryo

first

An infant can recognize their mother by _____ old

7 days

Smell acts as an ________ for things like bad food, chemical fumes, fire.

early warning system

Smell has a _____ factor in taste

strong

smell can trigger _____ and may have a role in ______.

memories; reproduction.

olfactory receptor cells are specialized _______.

bipolar neurons

olfactory cells are the ____ cells able to reproduce every 60 days

only

mucus captures ______ substances for detection

inhaled

Naegleria fowleri can follow ______ to the brain and can cause death.

olfactory nerves

there are about ______ tastebuds on the tung, in peg like papillae

10,000

different types of papillae may have different ____, but all contain tastebuds

shapes

all parts of the tounge can taste _____ taste sensations

ALL

what are the 5 basic taste sensations?

-sweet - (sugar)

-Salt - (metal ions)

Sour - (hydrogen ions, acids)

Bitter - (alkaloids)

Umami (savory, elicited by the amino acid glutamate)

To be tasted, what must happen to a chemical

Dissolved in saliva → Diffuses into taste bud pore → Touches gustatory hair → Release of synaptic vesicle contents from gustatory cell, triggering a nerve signal

Adaptation of a taste occurs within __ to __ minutes, which is why food tastes best when you start eating.

1-5

what is the pathway for taste?

Taste buds → Medulla oblongata → Thalamus, hypothalamus and limbic system (appreciation of taste) → Gustatory cortex (recognition of taste)

Taste triggers the hypothalamus to trigger what 3 things?

• salivation

• Stomach secretions/motility

• If foul or rancid food - vomiting center

Taste is ___ smell

80%

________ is the feeling when something that is though to be tasted is actually just smelled.

Retronasal olfaction

Aroma _____ taste

enhances

Nasal congestion _____ taste.

decreases