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War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier, and possible access to Canadian farmland. Results in an American victory that creates a great sense of pride and unity.
nominating convention
a meeting in which representative members of a political party choose candidates to run for important elected offices
Andrew Jackson
The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, increased presidential power, expanded voting rights and the idea of majority rule.
Spoils System
the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power
Northern Economy
Manufacturing and trade. Many cities with factories.
Southern Economy
depended on agriculture, small farms and large plantations, slaves were main source of labor
Western Economy
Mining; Fur Trapping; Small Farms; Small Towns, cheap land, focus on development of infrastructure
Tariff of Abominations
Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South
Nullification Crisis
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina, led by John Calhoun, to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.
states' rights doctrine
the belief that the power of the states should be greater than the power of the federal government
Second Bank of the United States
a national bank overseen by the federal government. Congress had established the bank in 1816, giving it a 20 year charter. The purpose of the bank was to regulate state banks, which had grown rapidly since the First Bank of the US went out of existence in 1811. Went out of existence during Jackson's presidency because he felt states should control banking and the south was against the charter because they felt it favored the north.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law, thus saying the 2nd Bank of the U.S. was legal.
Indian Removal Act
(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to west of the Mississippi River (Oklahoma Territory)
Choctaw tribe
the first tribe sent west under the Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Tribe
Native American tribe prominent in North Carolina and Georgia; Assisted Andrew Jackson during the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (War of 1812); believed that if they adopted the white man's way of life, they would be treated favorably, however they greatly suffered due to the Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears
The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
Worcester v. Georgia
Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it
William Henry Harrison
(1841), was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office.
Whig Party
political party formed in the 1830s to oppose Andrew Jackson, they favored the idea of a weak president and a strong Congress
Louisiana Purchase
1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US. Brought up the question on whether or not a president could use federal funds to purchase land.
John Adams
America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."
Thomas Jefferson
3rd President of the United States
James Madison
"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States. Will lead the during the War of 1812.
Jame Monroe
5th president of the US, establishes the Monroe Doctrine
John Quincy Adams
(1767-1848) Son of President John Adams and the secretary of state to James Monroe, he largely formulated the Monroe Doctrine. He was the sixth president of the United States and later became a representative in Congress.
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