Vaults I: Curvature and Barrel Vaults

lecture

A vault is a _____ , usually made of _____

self-supporting arched form, stone or brick

Vaults work in _____

compression

An arch is a ______ that spans an opening

typically curved structural member

A plane curve is a curve that ______

lies in a single plane

What are the four types of 2d curvature?

line, conic section, catenary, bezier

Line

result of connecting two points with the shortest segment possible.

What are the four types of conic sections?

circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola

Circle

rational, 2d, round figure where all of the points forming the shape are equidistant from the center point

Arc

a portion of a circle

Tangent

a line touching, but not intersecting, a curve at any point

Ellipse

rational oval shape defined by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two points is constant

Parabola

a plane curve which is mirror symmetrical

Hyperbola

a smooth curve lying in a plane with two pieces that are mirror images

Catenary Curve

a shape of a hanging chair or cable that it assumes under it’s own weight

Bezier Curve

Polynomial curve designed by a set of control points that define a smooth, continuous curve

when vaults are made of masonry, ring of _____ are constructed

voussoirs

vaults can tessellate ______

horizontally or vertically

what are the 6 categories of vaults?

barrel, cross, complex rib, fan, curved rib, cellular

Barrel Vaults are formed by _____

extruding a single arch in a straight line

The base unit of a barrel vault can tesselate _____ along _______ axis of growth

horizontally, straight or curved

Barrel Vault base unit load is distributed ________ and resist load through ______

within its cross section, axial compression

Lateral Thrust

any structure that resists load through axial compression creates an
outward thrust that must be counteracted

Outward Thrust

any structure that resists load through axial compression creates an outward thrust that must be counteracted