Dietary Fats

Intake

Intake

________ should be limited to less than 10 % of total calories in diet.

disease

In causing ________, type of fat is more important than the total amount of fat consumes.

Effects of PUFA

________ on cardiovascular disease are influenced by location of double bonds.

Docosahexaenoic acid

________ (DHA) is an omega- 3 fatty acid added in infant formulas to promote brain development.

Include

triglycerides (TAG), phospholipids, and cholesterol

absence or presence and number of double bonds (saturated, mono

polyunsaturated)

main sources

dairy and meat products, some vegetable oils (e.g

main sources

plant-based oils

main sources

nuts, avocados, olives, soybeans

main sources

plant oils and some nuts

chemical classification

unsaturated fatty acids

Dietary fats include

triglycerides (TAG), phospholipids, and cholesterol

elevated levels of total cholesterol

hypercholesterolemia

Saturated fats main sources

dairy and meat products, some vegetable oils (e.g. coconut and palm oils)

intake should be limited to less than 10% of total calories in diet

Saturated fats

Saturated fats

do not contain double bonds

Monounsaturated fats (MUFA)

contain one double bond

Monounsaturated fats main sources

plant-based oils

The Mediterranean Diet

example of a diet rich in monounsaturated fats (from olive oil) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (from fish oils, plant oils, and some nuts) and low in saturated fat

The Mediterranean diet contains

• seasonally fresh food

• abundance of plant material

• low amounts of red meat

• olive oil (main source of fat)

Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA)

contain more than one double bond

Trans fatty acids

chemically classified as unsaturated fatty acids but behave more like saturated fatty acids

ω-6 fatty acids (n-6 fatty acids) main sources

nuts, avocados, olives, soybeans

ω-3 fatty acids main sources

plant oils and some nuts

formed during hydrogenation of vegetable oils

Trans fatty acids

intake should constitue to more than 10% of total calories in diet

Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA)

Structural features that influence blood lipids

• absence or presence and number of double bonds (saturated, mono- polyunsaturated)

• location of double bonds

• cis or trans configuration of unsaturated fatty acids

most important class of dietary fats

triglycerides (TAG)

in causing disease,____ is more important than the total amount of fat consumes

type of fat

Plasma lipids may arise from

• the diet

• endogenous biosynthesis

Plant Sterols main sources

• plant sources (e.g. broccoli) and some margarines

recommended amount of dietary cholesterol

less than 200 mg/day