Sports Medicine 2 Honors All Vocab Review

buddy tape

tapes an injured finger with a healthy one to help the healing process

check-ring tape

like the buddy tape, but separates the fingers for better grip

fan/collateral lig tape

helps stabilize finger's collateral ligaments

Thumb tape

stabilizes thumb

Wrist: ace wrap

prevents swelling, little stability

basic/TV tape

3 rings distal→proximal at wrist

through hand/figure 8 tape wrist tape

adds to the TV tape, stabilizes injured wrist

fan: hyperextension/flexion tape

adds on to wrist tape, prevents hyperextension/flexion

Elbow tape

prevents hyperextension of elbow

Finger Varus stress test

tests medial collateral ligament of finger

Finger Varus Stress Test

test lateral collateral ligament of finger

Flick/percussion test

test for finger fracture

Elbow: Varus test

tests for lateral collateral ligament tear in elbow

Elbow: Valgus test

test of the Medial Collateral Ligament

Empty Can test

tests rotator cuff (supraspinatus)

Speeds test

tests bicep brachii

Neer test

tests for shoulder impingement

Hawkins/Kennedy test

tests for shoulder impingement

Anatomical Snuffbox

Area formed by the extensor tendons of the thumb.

Styloid Process

The radius and ulna each have one of these to cradle the carpals.

Radius/Ulna

forearm bones

Medial Epicondyle

medial elevation on the distal end of the humerus

Lateral Epicondyle

lateral elevation on the distal end of the humerus

UCL

ulnar collateral ligament

Olecranon Process

projection at the upper end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

Cubital Tunnel

A tunnel of muscle, ligament, and bone on the inside of the elbow

Scapula

shoulder blade

Sternum

chest bone

AC joint

joint of the shoulder where the acromion process of the scapula and the distal end of the clavicle meet

SC joint

articulation of the medial end of clavicle with sternum

Medial Border of Scapula

medial edge of scapula

Lateral Border of Scapula

lateral edge of scapula

Glenohumeral Joint

ball and socket joint at shoulder

Flexors of forearm

anterior forearm

Extensors of forearm

posterior forearm

Triceps

Back of upper arm

Biceps Brachii

anterior upper arm

Latissiums dorsi

extends and adducts arm and rotates humerus in

Pectoralis Major

chest muscle

Pectoralis Minor

A flat triangular muscle which lies completely deep to the pectoralis major.

Thenar eminence

the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

Hypothenar eminence

the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger

Phase I of Rehab: Pain Management

time immediately following injury or surgery in which movement of affected part is limited to ease pain (drugs)

Phase II of Rehab: ROM

time when more vigorous therapeutic action initiated including joint range of motion, mobility, and flexibility exercises

Phase III of Rehab: Proprioception

ability to know where your body is in space

Phase IV of Rehab: Strength

exercising using righter resistance and lower repetitions

Phase V of Rehab: Endurance

exercise using lower resistance and higher repetitions

Phase VI of Rehab: Sports Specific

exercises specific to the sport the athlete is involved in

How many neurons are in the human brain?

100 Billion

The left hemisphere has more or less neurons than the right hemisphere?

More

How long can the brain survive without oxygen?

4-6 minutes

Functions of the left hemisphere

Logic, Math, Language, Speech

Functions of the right hemisphere

Creativity, Imagination

How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?

Neurons

Sensory neurons

detect senses (pressure/heat)

Motor neurons

Impulses that signal muscle contractions... motion

Interneurons

connect with other neurons, transfer information/messages

Spinal cord

Relays impulses from the peripheral nervous system to the brain

Central nervous system (CNS)

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

consists of the other nerves outside of the brain/spinal cord

Cranial nerves

originate in the brain

Spinal nerves

originate in the spinal cord

Reflex arc

caused by a stimulus, transmitted to the spinal cord by a sensory nerve, then back to the muscles through a motor nerve without first being transmitted to the brain.

Deep Tendon Reflexes

Tested with a reflex hammer - Looking for the limb to move/jerk

Electromyography

Measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers

Rehabilitation

process of helping patients attain the highest possible level of functional ability.

Where can rehabilitation services be provided?

Athletic trainer, physical therapist, teammates

Restorative care

process of helping patients attain and maintain the highest possible level of independence and well-being.

What are the 5 stages of grief?

Denial, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance

Where is restorative care provided?

Nursing homes, therapist, friends

True or false: Rehabilitation and restorative care must focus on mental, emotional, and social well-being in addition to physical abilities

true

True or false: Patients should be encouraged to be as independent as possible.

true

What are the benefits or recreational activities?

Promote physical abilities, mental, emotional, and social well-being

How can you keep injured athletes involved in a sport/team?

Inviting them to social events, games

What is the most neglected risk factor in healthcare?

Social isolation

Hypertrophy

increase in muscle mass and cross-sectional area

Overload principle

a greater than normal stress or load the body is required for training adaptation to take place (body will adapt to stimulus)

Overload principle factors

frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise

Frequency of exercise

Increasing the number of times you train per week or the number of reps you perform.

Intensity of exercise

Increasing the difficulty of the exercise you do.

Time of exercise

Increasing the length of time that you are training.

Type of exercise

Increase the difficulty of the training you are doing

Atrophy

wasting away or loss of muscle tissue

Muscle endurance

Low resistance over time allowing muscle to heal and regain endurance

Before we can get to strength we need what?

Range of motion (ROM)

Range of Motion (ROM) tests

active, passive, active resistance, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Active ROM test

the patient or athlete moves the muscle

Passive ROM test

the clinician moves the muscle or joint while the patient relaxes

Active Resistive ROM test

clinician or band adds resistance to the patient while patient moves the muscle

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) ROM test

combination of passive stretching and isometric contractions

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Triggers to neuromuscular system to allow stretch, Generally done with a partner, Great for rehabilitation

Proprioception

"sense of self" - provide information about joint angle, muscle length, muscle tension

Types of stretches

static, dynamic, ballistic, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Ballistic

bouncing, can cause injury

Dynamic

active, increases blood flow and flexibility (butt kicks, high knees)

Static

holding, move into mild discomfort for 10-30 seconds (butterfly, standing squat)

Which stretch should you use before a workout?

Dynamic

Which stretch should you use after a workout?

Static

Open kinetic chain

non-weight bearing exercising (bench press, leg curl/extension)

Closed kinetic chain

Weight bearing exercises; extremity being worked is in contact with the ground or bench (squats, push ups)