The Court System

What is the only court officially established by the Constitution?

The Supreme Court.

How are Supreme Court justices appointed?

They are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.

What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have?

Both original and appellate jurisdiction.

What is the scope of original jurisdiction in the Supreme Court?

It is narrow, typically involving cases between two states or involving ambassadors.

What case established the precedent of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison.

How many courts of appeals are there in the United States?

There are twelve courts of appeals.

What is the primary function of District Courts?

To have original jurisdiction only and hear cases with a judge and jury.

What landmark ruling repealed all state laws prohibiting abortion in the first trimester?

Roe v. Wade.

What does judicial review allow the Supreme Court to do?

Rule on the constitutionality of laws.

What principle does 'strict construction' of the Constitution refer to?

Interpreting the Constitution as the words are literally written.

What principle does 'loose construction' of the Constitution refer to?

Considering the Constitution a living, evolving document.

What was a significant outcome of United States v. Nixon?

It restricted executive privilege.

What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1801?

To create new courts and expand the president's control over appointments.

In the context of Marbury v. Madison, did plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?

Yes, they had the right, but the Supreme Court deemed the request unconstitutional.

What do civil cases involve?

Disputes between individuals or entities seeking compensation or remedies.

What do criminal cases involve?

Alleged violations of laws by individuals against the state, potentially leading to imprisonment.

Why was a court system established by the Constitution?

To ensure a balanced government, promote a fair justice system, and prevent tyranny.

What two main principles guided the Court in Miranda v. Arizona?

A person has the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

What is the role of precedents in legal rulings?

They act like templates for future decisions.

How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?

There are nine justices.

What was the significant decision of the Burger Court?

It was known for liberal views on key issues such as abortion.

What did the Rehnquist Court decisions generally do?

They often restricted abortion rights and expanded access to gun ownership.