National 5 Chemistry - Chemical Changes and Structures

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from National 5 Chemistry covering rates of reaction, atomic structure, and acid-base chemistry.

Rates of Reaction

Factors that affect how fast a reaction occurs, including temperature, concentration, particle size, and the presence of catalysts.

Collision Theory

A theory stating that for a reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to cause a chemical change.

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Enzyme

Biological catalysts that speeds up chemical reactions without being used in the process

Concentration

The amount of a substance in a given volume, affecting the rate of reaction; higher concentration increases reaction rate.

Particle Size

Refers to the size of reactant particles; smaller particles increase surface area and collision frequency, speeding up reactions.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

Atomic Number

The number of protons = the number of electrons

Neutralisation Reaction

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

pH Scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; ranges from less than 0 to above 14.