Introduction to Mycology

fungi: eukaryotic or prokaryotic

eukaryotic (non-photosynthesis heterothrops)

what kind of consume is fungi

chemoheterotrophs obtain via absorption

animals/plants: which one is fungi more related to?

animal

fungi that important for decomposition

saprophytic

cell walls of fungi contain

chitin

fungi reproduce via

asexually and sexually

in asexual rep, growth and spread of

hyphal filaments

asexual production spores are called

1. conidia

2. sporangiospores

asex. prod, simple cell division is called

budding

fusion of unicellular gametes or specialized hyphae called gametangia

sexual reproduction

sexual spores are called

gametangia

a visible tuft composed of a network of hyphae, a threadlike structure or tubular cell walls the surround the cell membrane

mycelium

Aspergillus are often dusty, matted in appearance due to mycelium and asexual spores

colonies of molds

cross-walls that separate each hypha into separate cells

septum

in yeasts, asexual reproduction is through

budding

Current phylogeny of fungi is based on

18s rRNA gene sequences

flagellated zoospores

chytridiomycetes

zygospores

Zygomycetes

ascospores

ascomycetes

spores within an enclosed sac

ascus

basidiospores

Basidiomycetes

2 main morphological fungal forms

1. molds

2. yeasts

with branching filaments of hyphae

molds

unicellular spherical cells

yeast

occur in both mold and yeast forms

dimorphic fungi

ingestion of fungal toxins that have been pre-formed in stored food or standing crops

Mycotoxicosis

invasion and destruction of keratinized structures

dermatophytoses

opportunistic infections of the skin or muco-cutaneous junctions result from overgrowth of fungi such as Candida sp.

dermatomycoses

inhabit and replicate in the soil in associated with decomposing keratinous material such as hair and feather

geophilic

obligate parasites that infect animals

zoophilic

obligate parasites that infect humans and rarely infect animals

anthropophilic

in what cells, is cell wall absent

cell wall absent in animal cell

first amino acid

methionine

1. fluid-mosaic structure lacking sterols

2. fluid-mosaic structure containing sterols

describes the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cell

2. contains sterols

fungal cell membrane contains

ergosterol

Fungal cell walls contain

n chitin, glucans, mannans

binary fission occurs in

eukaryosis

mitosis and meiosis occurs in

prokaryosis

eukaryotic org “insensitive or sensitive?” to most bacterial antibiotics

insensitive due to well defined nuclear membranes, mitochondrio, and networkds of microtuuel

slow growing on lab media

fungi

is an important component of fungal cell membranes (cholesterol in animal cell membranes)

ergosterol

bind specifically to ergosterol, causing membrane permeability and cell death

polyenes

Fungi grow optimally at pH _ and can tolerate more acidic conditions

6

Fungi have an optimal temperature for growth of ___, but pathogenic fungi can tolerate 37°C

20-30’c

37’c

motility

non motiles

Spores produced from phialides, a special flask-like portion of the conidiophore such as in Aspergillus species

Phialoconidia

Large multi-celled spores produced in culture by dermatophytes

macroconidia

Small spores produced by certain dermatophytes

microconidia

Thick-walled, resistant spores that contain storage products and are formed during unfavorable environmental conditions by the direct differentiation of hyphae

Chlamydospores

Spores produced by budding from a mother cell (A) such as in Candida albicans, hyphae (B) or from pseudohyphae (C

Blastoconidia