IB Physics HL Semester 1
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28 Terms
Position
Where you are right now.
Displacement (Vector)
Final position - initial position.
Distance (Scalar)
Length of path you traveled.
Vector
Magnitude (size) and direction.
Scalar
Just magnitude.
Velocity (Vector)
Change in position (displacement) divided by change in time.
Speed (Scalar)
Distance divided by change in time.
Acceleration
Change in velocity divided by change in time.
Resolve into components
Breaking down a vector into its magnitude and direction.
Trig SOH-CAH-TOA
Sine, Cosine, and Tangent relationships in a right triangle.
Pythagorean Theorem
A^2 + B^2 = C^2, used to find the length of a side in a right triangle.
Kinematics
The study of motion without considering its causes.
GUESSS Method
A problem-solving acronym: Givens, Unknowns, Equations, Sketch, Substitute, Solve.
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the correct or established value.
Precision
How close measurements are to each other.
Random error
Error that can be minimized by averaging multiple trials.
Systematic error
Error that affects accuracy and cannot be minimized by averaging.
Significant Figures
Digits that carry meaning contributing to a number's precision.
Friction
A force that opposes the relative motion of solid surfaces.
Impulse
A change in an object's momentum caused by a net external force.
Centripetal Force
The force required for circular motion, directed toward the center of the circle.
Centrifugal Force
An apparent outward force experienced in a rotating frame of reference.
Energy Density
The amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space.
Efficiency (η)
The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input.
Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO)
A model for systems that oscillate back and forth with a certain frequency.
Angular Velocity (ω)
The angle covered per unit time in circular motion.
Period (T)
The time it takes to complete one cycle of motion.
Centripetal Acceleration
Acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path.
Flashcards (35)