POST WW2 MIDDLE EAST

islamic fundamentalism

follwoing Quran word for word

pan-arabism

arabic nationalism

zionism

jewish nationalism

israeli war for independence where, the ratios, and why?

IN PLAESTINE

• israels win 6v1

• wants the UN to recognize it as an independent state

arabs response to the israeli war

ANGEREDDD, doesnt want to recognize israel as independent but a part of palestine

PLO + led by?

palestinian liberation organization

• lead by yasin arafat

• stop the israelisssss

many palestinians were what after the israeli war and where did they go and what was the effect of them going there

palestinians = refugees (lost land to israel)

• went to lebanon (half christain/half muslim)

  • AFTER PALESTINIANS CAME, NOW MORE MUSLIMSSS (bias created) → CIVIL WARS

alignment

side with a superpower

nonalignment

side with NO superpower

president of egypt and what was he an advocate for + did egypt align?

nasser, advocate for pan-arabism

• EGYPT ALIGNED WITH USSR

USSR helps egypt do what and why and what effect did it cause

USSR help egypt build aswan dam for electricity

• nile doesnt flow like it used to = has to import food now…

suez canal crisis

egypt nationalizes suez canal + says anybody friends with israel CANT use it

• britain and french need control of it bad → send troops to canal

• egypt appealed to UN → britain and french had to leave

six day war

egypt, jordan, syria, and PLO ALL ATTACK ISRAEL AT ONCE

• israel wins and gains 4 times its original size

• israel got jerusalem and UN settles with peace treaty

how was there indirect fighting between USSR and US

USSR supplied arab, US supplied israel

nasser dies, who becomes new president and what does he do

anwar sedat, continued policies of nasser

battle of yom kippur

arabs attack israel → israel pushes arab backkk

LARGEST TANK BATTLE!

what does anwar sedat slowly do…

move away from USSR…

what was an attempt for peace

camp david accords (diplomats come together to make peace)

• egypt and israel try to make peace

• PRES CARTER OF US BROKERS A DEAL

  • sinai peninsula back to egypt

  • egypt recognize israel as country

  • talk about what is to become of palestinian homeland

what does egypt recognizing israel as a state mean..?

BREAKS ARAB UNITYYY

1979 was whenn?

when USSR attack afghan + sadat is assassinated by muslim fundamentalists

who is the leader of iran and what does he believe

shah mohammed pahlavi (very western + lost touch with people)

what is created by pahlavi and what does it do

SAVAK

• secret police to silence enemies

who comes back to iran and what does it result in

exiled muslim leader ayatollah khomenei → results in violence so shah and family escape to US

the iran people want the shah BACK..what do they do?

overran american embassy + took american hostages

result the the rescue of hostages

fail…doom of his administrator since iran stops negotiating with US

next president of US? what does he beleive in and what does he do

reagan

• anti-communist

• frees the hostages

iran is now called what and what are its beliefs

islamic republic

• anti-western

• anti-modernization

• fundamentalist islamic

iran-iraq war was because of?

tension over islamic fundamentalism

iraq group led by who and what do they do

by saddem hussain and they attack iran for oil

iran and iraq have equipment from where and what changes?

iran = american

iraq = USSR

THEY BOTH SWAP

result of the war

500000+ die

how does it stop

UN able to stop it

the cold war alignment

US help iraq, USSR help iran

iran-contra scandal

reagan wants to stop communism by sending weapons to nicaragua to stop it there

• congress says no

help from CIA → send weapons to nicaragua

where in the world did CIA get this money? what is this showing

sold weapons to iran for this money….

• america is helping both iraq and iran???

libya was taken over by…?

military coup led by muammar qaddafi

libya was fine with what

having terroists train there

pan-am flight 103 bombing over scotland was by.. and what did US do

libyans

• US puts sanction on libya

afghanistan was imvaded by

USSR

mujahadin

afgahn rebels

USSR + mujahadin = ?

doesnt go well so USSR leaves the place

who takes over the afghan govt

taliban (very islamist + conservative islamic fundamentalism)

• wants to go bakc to time when muhammad was alivee

• strict sharia laws

• few women rights

al qaeda

conservative islamic group who thought if not muslim, then should die

• jihad (religious war) against the west

9/11 happens and who did it

al qaeda

how were the sanctions of libya suddenly lifted

qadaffi gave US info about afghan

US became very involved in afghan but..what happened

corrupt + weak central govt made US go away from afghan so taliban was able to control afghan again

gulf war

iraq is in debt so invades kuwait for oil

• US + NATO destroy the iraqi army!!

arab springs + where did it begin and how did it get to middle east + who fueled the rebellion

time when the middle east rose up against dictators + monarchies (mainly usiing social media)

• begin in tunisia → north africa → middle east

FUELD BY NATO

libya with arab spring

rose up against qaddafi

syria with arab spring

caused major civil war → rise in immigration

brexit

people leave EU since they cant handle all of the refugees (like UK)

lebanon experienced a lot of refugees from where and what did it cause

palestine → shift in demographs → conflict of christians vs muslims

who tried to keep peace in lebanon and the result

US sent troops to lebanon → killed by truck bombers → civil war rages on

OPEC

organization of petroleum exporting countries (control worlds oil)

OPEC oil crisis

OPEC doesnt sell oil to those friendly with israel

OPEC’S effect

changed how the west did business w/ remodeled cars + how petroleum was produced