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cell/plasma membrane
cytoplasm
cytosol
liquid portion of cytoplasm
where are organelles found?
in the cytoplasm
nucleus
DNA
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
chromosomes
chromatin
when DNA is spread out & appears as a mass (in non-diving cells)
nucleolus
ribosomes
cytoskeleton
made of proteins
Functions:
helps maintain cell shape
helps move organelles around
microfilaments
threadlike proteins in the cytoskeleton
microtubules
tubelike proteins in the cytoskeleton
actin
the protein in microfilaments
tubulin
the protein in microtubules
centrioles
mitochondria
where does cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria
cristae
matrix
interior compartment of the mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
rough ER
proteins are made in ribosomes on its surface and threaded into interior of the ER to be modified & transported (export)
smooth ER
3 functions of smooth ER
what makes up the endomembrane transport system
nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane
protein synthesis
when ribosomes join amino acids to make proteins
free ribosomes
found in the cytoplasm & used inside the cell
golgi bodies
transport vesicles
transport proteins from ER to Golgi & from Golgi to cell membrane
lysosomes
apoptosis
programmed cell death
autolysis
when the cell is destroyed after an injury or death
phagocytosis
the process of which lysosomes take in food
functions cilia & flagella
microtubule arrangement of cilia & flagella
9+2
cilia
flagella
vacuoles
cell sap
contractile vacuoles
cell wall
plant cell walls
cellulose
bacterial cell walls
peptidoglycan
fungal cell walls
chitin
chlorophyll
chloroplasts
chloroplast’s outer membrane
smooth
chloroplast’s inner membrane
modified into sacs (thylakoids)
grana
stacks of thylakoids that are interconnected
stroma
gel like material surrounding thylakoids
which cells never have chloroplasts?
animal / bacteria / fungi
photsynthesis
the food making process that takes place inside of chloroplasts
peroxisomes
digest fatty acids & alcohol
catalase
oxidative enzyme
plastids
leucoplasts
plastids where you store starch
chromoplasts
plastids that store brightly-colored pigment (make carrots orange, attract insects to flowers)