Western Civ 2 Final
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Last updated 4:56 PM on 4/25/23
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154 Terms
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According to the divine right theory, rulers received their power from
God
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Royal absolutism first emerged in what two countries/kingdoms?
France & Spain
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What was the name of the French official who played the most important role in centralizing the authority of the French Monarch?
Louis XIV
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Succeeded Cardinal Richelieu as minister to the French King
Jules Mazarin
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ruled France in the second half of the 1600s?
Louis XIV
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The event that most changed the nature of the Holy Roman Empire was the
Thirty Years' War
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Frederick William I was ruler of
Prussia
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The Habsburgs ruled
The Holy Roman Empire
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Russia began to Westernize during the reign of
Peter I
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What dynasty was inaugurated under James I?
The Stuart
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The Long Parliament attached the power of
The King
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Who wrote Two Treaties of Government in 1690?
John Locke
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first argued that the sun is at the center of the solar system
Nicolaus Copernicus
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proved that the planets followed elliptical orbits.
Johannes Kepler
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Galileo's scientific work helped lay the foundations for which modern discipline?
Physics
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helped transform alchemy to chemistry
Robert Boyle
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showed that blood circulates throughout the body.
WIlliam Harvey
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Empiricism is based on
knowledge and experience
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was the main advocate of deductive reasoning.
Rene Desartes
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Wrote "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"
Newton
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is the belief that God exists but is not active in the world.
Deism
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was a French philosopher that argued that faith was superior to reason.
Blaise Pascal
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was an English noblewoman who wrote scientific and philosophical treatises.
Margaret Cavendish
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Who founded the Quakers?
George Fox
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Who was the British naval officer that claimed the eastern coast of Australia for Great Britain?
Captain James Cook
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What country originally claimed much of Canada, as well as the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys?
France
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What country held the largest overseas empire in 1650?
Spain
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is fundamentally a form of protectionism.
Mercantilism
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What two countries fought in the War of Jenkins' Ear?
Spain & Great Britian
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The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended what conflict?
The 7 Years War
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What commodity dominated the trans-Atlantic trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
Sugar
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The part of the slave trade that included the voyage across the Atlantic was known as what?
Middle Passage
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In the period from 1500 to 1900, most African slaves were shipped to \______ and the \_________.
Brazil....Caribbean
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In the 1700s, \_______________ gained control of India.
Britain
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The \__________________________ required the purchase of stamps for any printed item.
Stamp Act
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What was the name of the treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War in 1783?
Treaty of Paris
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Which political theorist inspired the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
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The \________________________ are distinguished from other social groups because of their hereditary titles.
Nobility
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\________________________ was the dominant intellectual movement of the 18th century.
The Englightenment
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The \_________________ are defined as Enlightenment philosophers and writers
philosopher
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Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
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\________________________'s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding introduced new ideas about the reliability of our senses.
David Hume
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The author of Candide was \_____________________
Voltaire
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\___________________ was the most influential political writer during the Enlightenment
Baron de Montesquieu
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The author of The Social Contract was \__________________________.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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In Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued for \________________________.
American Independence
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\_______________ wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Mary Wollstonecraft
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The most famous work of Denis Diderot was \______________.
Supplement to the Voyages of Bougainville
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The political order of the Old Regime was based on \_________________.
monarchies
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What were the three divisions of the Estates General?
Clergy, Nobility & 3rd Estate
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The \_______________________ represented about 96% of the French population.
3rd Estate
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Under the National Convention, the suffrage was extended in France to all \________________________________.
adult males
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Who was the most prominent leader of the Reign of Terror?
Maximillien Robespierre
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The \___________________________ was a government headed by five men.
directory
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What event in France became the center of national celebrations after 1789?
The Fall of the Bastille
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The \__________ was Napoleon's agreement with the Catholic Church.
Concordat
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The \_________ War involved Napoleon's conquest of Spain.
Peninsula
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\__________________ was forced to offer his first abdication after allied forces took Paris in 1814.
Napoleon
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Who headed the new French government after Napoleon's abdication in 1814?
Louis XVII
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What was the name of the general who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo?
The Duke of Wellington
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Dynastic legitimacy and the balance of power guided the delegates at the \_____.
Congress of Vienna
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What was invented by James Hargreaves in 1767?
The Spinning Wheel
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Because of their demand for \____________, expanding railroads became major consumers of industrial goods.
iron
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Between 1680 and 1820, the English population \_________________.
more than doubled
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Enclosure ended what system?
open fields
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\____________________ and \_________________ began to industrialize in the late 1800s.
Spain.....Italy
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Who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population?
Thomas Malthus
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Who wrote The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844?
Friedrich Engels
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During the early Industrial Revolution, women and children accounted for as much as what percentage of the labor force in the woolen industry?
75%
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The \____ of 1833 limited child labor.
Factory Regulations Act
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Women factory workers were paid \_________________________.
about 1/3-1/2 of a man's wage
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\_____________ opposed industrialization.
Luddites
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Who developed the concept of an "iron law of wages"?
David Ricardo
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Who was the philosopher that gave Karl Marx the idea of the dialectic?
Georg Hegel
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Nations are tied together by a belief in a common \_______________.
culture
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The main cultural movement of the nineteenth century was \___________________.
romanticism
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The Concert of Europe was the system produced by \_____________________.
the Congress of Vienna
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In 1830, \__________ achieved independence.
Belgium
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The \__________ of 1832 gave most male property holders the right to vote in Great Britain.
Great Reform Bill
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What country provided critical military aid in the process of Italian unification?
France
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Who led the process of German unification?
Otto von Bismarck
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The \___________ War directly led to German unification.
Franco-Prussian
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The \____ resulted in the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
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At what battle was Napoleon III captured?
Sedan
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The Second Industrial Revolution began in what decade?
1870
86
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Who designed the first electromagnetic generator?
Michael Faraday
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Most European emigrants in the period between 1860 and 1914 went to \________.
North America
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Emancipation of the Russian serfs took place in what decade?
1860
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Who is the political theorist most commonly associated with socialist revisionism?
Eduard Berstein
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\__________________ was a radical workers' movement.
Syndicalism
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Which social class dominated the feminist movement in the late 19th century?
middle class
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Which popular reform movement became associated with women's rights in the late 1800s?
National Women's Suffrage Act or temperance
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Who was the most famous leader of the British suffragette movement?
Emmeline Pankhurt
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Who first identified bacteria as the cause of
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diseases?
Louis Pasteur
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Who isolated the tuberculosis and cholera bacilli?
Robert Koch
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Who first used the phrase "survival of the fittest"?
Charles Darwin
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Who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams?
Sigmund Freud
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The dominant artistic movement of the early 1900s was \________________.
Cubists
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Pablo Picasso is best known as a leader in the \_______ movement.
Cubist
Note 
Flashcards (94)