Classical Myth 2 Exam

The ancient Greek ethical code advocated helping one's friends and harming one's enemies. Which of the following does not adhere to that code in Sophocles' Ajax?

Odysseus, who advocates for burying Ajax.

At the beginning of Sophocles' play, Odysseus discovers Ajax's slaughter. What did Ajax kill and what did he think he was killing?

Cattle....his fellow Greeks

What prevented Ajax from killing what he intended to kill?

Athena drove him mad

What is the main reason Sophocles' play that Ajax feels dishonored?

he was not given Achilles' armor

"I pity him in his misery...he is my foe, because he is bound...to a dread doom. I think of my own lot no less than his" Who speaks and who is this 'foe'?

Odysseus... Ajax

Who is tecmessa?

A trojan women; Ajax's war prize

What prophecy does Calchas give regarding Ajax?

Ajax must be kept inside his tent

What issue does Teucer debate with Menelaus and Agamemnon?

whether Ajax should be buried

In Euripides' Hekabe, Polydorus appears as a ghost because he had been...?

Killed by Polymestor

In Euripides' play, the Greek fleet has not sailed home yet because....

Achilles' ghost demands a sacrifice

"do you remember, \_____ , when you came into Troy as a spy, dressed in torn rags, totally unrecognizable?" Who speaks and whose name goes in the blank?

Hekabe... Odysseus

"come, young man. You may hit me where you wish. Here is my breast but if you wish to hit me at the root of my neck, this, too is ready" Who speaks? Who is adressed?

polyxena.....Achilles' son

What does Hekabe want from Agamemnon?

His help in taking revenge on Polymestor

How does Hekabe lure Polymestor into the womens tent?

with promise of gold

What does Hekabe do to Polymestor for killing her son Polydorus?

Blinds Polymestor

What prediction does Polymestor make about Hekabe at the play's end?

she will turn into a hound

Paris judges the three goddess, what do each of them promise him if they win?

Athena promises him success in war
Hera promises him to be a king
Aphrodite promises him love with Helen

Who does Paris choose?

Aphrodite

Zeus + Leda \=

births Helen and Clytemnestra

Who does Agamemnon sacrifice?

His daughter Iphigenia

Why did Agamemnon sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia?

For good weather so they could sail to Troy

What does Achilles do with Hector's body?

he strips the body of its armor and drags it from behind his chariot

What does Paris do to Achilles?

He shoots his heel,and thus kills Achilles.

Why did Apollo help kill Achilles?

Achilles killed one of his sons, so Apollo helped to direct the bow.

Who carries Achilles' body off the battle field?

Ajax

Who gets Achilles' armor?

Odysseus

How does Ajax die?

He kills himself by positions a sword to fall on.

Whose Sword does Ajax use to kill himself?

Hectors

What is the significance of Palladium?

The people of Troy were told that if they kept it then they would not lose the war.

Who stole the Palladium?

Odysseus

Who gets sacrificed to Achilles? and why?

Polyxena and to end the war and get back

How did Odysseus kill the Cyclops?

by getting him drunk

What does Circe turn Odysseus's men into?

pigs

why did Odysseus get tied to the mast of the ship?

So he could listen to the sirens without dying

What does Odysseus shove into Polyphemus' eye?

A wooden spear that has been heated

Who is Polyphemus?

Cyclops, son of Poseidon

Who is Polymestor?

Guy who Killed Polydorus, gets blinded

Who is Polydorus?

The son of Hekabe

Who is Polyxena?

daughter of Priam and Hekabe
offered as a sacrifice to Achilles

What does Odysseus order his men to do when they reach the cattle of Helios?

To not harm them

What does Odysseus do once he comes back to his wife?

He disguises himself as a beggar and participates in the chance for to be a suitor for his wife. Then he reveals himself and kills all the men who tried to marry his wife.

In Euripides' Cyclops, who makes up the Chorus?

Satrys

"They beat me all up because I wouldn't let them run away with your possessions." Who speaks and who are "they"?

Silenus.... Odysseus and his men

"Took one look at the fancy pants of the barbarian, one look at his golden chain dangling from his neck and off she went! Right out of her skull!" who is the barbarian and who is she?

Paris...helen

According to Silenus, what is the "most delicious" thing that cyclopes consume?

The flesh of strangers

How does Odysseus pay Silenus for the provisions Silenus gives him?

wine

How does Odysseus incapacitate Polyphemus?

gets him drunk

"Nobody has blinded you? So...so that means nobody has caused you any harm, then" Who is 'nobody' and who is 'you'?

Odysseus....Polyphemus

Who is the father of Polyphemus

Poseidon

what does Achilles do to not go to war

he dresses up as a women

Who does Helen marry?

Menelaus

Who has a false marriage?

Iphigenia and Achilles. Agamemnon made it up

what does gross foot guy have?

the bow of Heracles

what happens in year 10 of the trojan war?

A plague that wipes out many greeks

trojan horse

a large hollow wooden figure of a horse (filled with Greek soldiers) left by the Greeks outside Troy during the Trojan War

What happens to Hekabe?

she throws herself off ship and washes up to a town and they do not like her so they stone her. Though a deity out of pity turns her into a dog

Lotus Eaters (Odyssey)

people who feed Odysseus's men lotus plants to make them forget Ithaca

Blinding of the villian

Odysseus with cyclops ; Hekabe with polymestor

Xenia gets violated

cyclops kills Odysseus' men ; Polymestor kills Hekabes son, Polydorus

trickery

odysseus tricks the cyclops ; Hekabe tricks Polymestor with gold

enclosed space

cyclops cave ; womens tent

Cannabilism

cyclops eats Odysseus' men, Polymestor says he would like to eat Hekabe

No help for the blind

'nobody' blinded cyclops ; Polymestor begs for Agamemnons help, and he does not help.

The blind turn prophet

Odysseus suffers at sea ; Hekabe gets turned into a dog

Aeolus

God of the winds, gave Odysseus a bag of winds

Odysseus asks Teirsas how to get back

1. Avoid Helios' Cattle
2. Make a sacrifice to Poseidon, and walk with an oar until you come across someone who does not know what an oar is

What happens when Ody's men kill Helios' cattle?

He complains to zeus, and zeus strucks Ody's last ship and all the men but ody die. Ody gets washed up on Calypso

What happens while Ody is on Calypso?

he becomes her sex slave for 7 years

Family member absent from home

Menelaus has to leave while Paris is in the home with Helen

Villain causes harm or injury

Paris is the villain and Helen is abducted

Hero leaves home

Menelaus has to go to war for Helen
Agamemnon leaves to join brother in war for his sister in law

Hero is tested, interrogated and attacked

Agamemnon is tested by having to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia

Hero reacts

Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter Iphigenia

hero and villain combat

- Menelaus fights Paris but Aphrodite intervines
- Ajax vs Hector\= Draw
- Patroclus vs Hector\= Hector kills Patroclus
- Achilles + (gods armour)\= kills Hector
- Paris kills Achilles
- Philocretes+ (fancy bow an arrow from Heracles) kills Paris

Initial misfortune is resolved

Helen is recovered and goes home

hero sets out for home

Odysseus

Hero is chased

Poseidon chases Odysseus for killing cyclops Polyphemus

Pursuit ends

Odysseus makes it back home after 20 yrs 10\=war + 10\= wandering

Hero arrives unrecognized

Odysseus is disguised as a beggar by Athena

False hero makes unfounded claims

The suitors 108 say Odysseus is dead try to marry wife Penelope

A difficult task is proposed

Must string and shoot an arrow through rings with Odysseus bow Penelope will marry

Task resolved

Odysseus does the difficult task as a begger

hero recognized

begger disguise vanishes

False hero exposed

Odysseus is not dead and kills the 108 suitors

Hero given new appearance

Athena helps Odysseus look 20 years new

Hero marries and ascends the throne

Penelope and Odysseus back together

In the Libation Bearers, Clytemnestra dreams that she

Gives birth to a snake

According to Orestes, who or what have him the courage to commit murder?

Apollo

When Orestes arrives at the palace of Clytemestra and Aegisthus, what news does he deliver?

Orestes is dead

"Behold the orphaned children of the eagle-father, now that he has died entangled in the twisting coils of the deadly viper." Sho are the children? Who is the eagle? Who is the viper?

Orestes and Electra ; Agamemnon ; Clytaekestra

What does Orestes place on his fathers grave in Libation Bearers?

A lock of hair

In Aeschylus' play, what is a libation bearer?

A women who pours offerings on a dead persons grave

Which of the following are dead at the end of Libation Bearers?

Aegisthus and Clytemnestra

What happens to Orestes in the final scene of Libation Bearers?

Orestes is mentally tormented and flees Argos

Paris violates Xenia

Paris stole Helen while inside Agamemnon's house

Clytemnestra shapeshift

Viper, Scylla and a lioness who beds with wolf

Aegisthus shapeshift

Strengthless lion, and wolf

Greeks shapeshift

They are like bloody lions

Orestes and Electra

Children of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra. Want to kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus

Orestes and Electra shapeshift

They are like bloody wolves