SRGT 1244 Tech Sciences

Increases in power

During surgery, the perioperative team must suspect a problem if the surgeon repeatedly requests _________________ of the ESU

Non-conductive

______________ materials are used to insulate the conductive material carrying electricity to prevent injury and maintain the flow of electricity within its circuit.

Active electrode

What device delivers electrical current to the surgical site?

Matter

Objects that have mass and take up space are referred to as ______.

Free electrons

The outermost electrons of some substances are so loosely held to their nucleus that they move without a particular direction from one atom to another throughout the substance.  What am I called?

Conductors

Materials that allow the flow of free electrons are called _____.

Volts

Electrical potential is measured in _____.

In a simple electrical circuit, the device that transforms the electrical energy into a useful function, such as heat of light , is the power.

All are true regarding power, load, and switch EXCEPT which of the following? Group of answer choices

\-The load is the device that uses the electricity to perform some type of function.

\-Power is measured in watts.

\-A switch is the device used to open or close a circuit and controls the flow of electricity.

\- In a simple electrical circuit, the device that transforms the electrical energy into a useful function, such as heat of light , is the power.

Black colored insulation

A hot wire is usually identified as having ______.

White

The neutral wire carries electrical current in a circuit away from a device, and typically is identified by a ____ colored insulation.

Electrosurgical pencil

The active electrode is also called the _____.

The grounding pad is used only when the ESU is operated in the monopolar mode

All of the following regarding the grounding pad EXCEPT which of the following?

\
\-The grounding pad is removed by the surgeon at the end of the procedure.

\-A properly placed grounding pad can be the cause of severe patient burns.

\-The grounding pad is used only when the ESU is operated in the monopolar mode

\-It is recommended to apply the grounding pad before the patient receives anesthesia.

For coagulating only

The bipolar cautery is used for ______.

Orbits

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in paths called___?

Occurs when high voltage breaks down some insulating material, such as the sterile gloves

Choose the answer that best describes dielectric breakdown.

An alternate site burn 

When using the ESU, the patient must remove all the body jewelry in order to prevent ______.

Metal

What is reactive and does not cause resistance to the flow of electricity.

Fulguration

When using an ESU, the arcing or spray mode creates the highest peak voltage available; this mode is used for _____.

Low-current density

__ is required for coagulation, and higher current density is better for cutting tissue.

All of the above

When using the ESU, do not place the dispersive electrode over __.

\
\-Implants

\-Scars

\-Bone prominences

_ All of the above

Current

The flow of electricity is called ____.

Free

Outer electrons are referred to as ______ electrons.

Insulators

Materials that inhibit the flow of electrons are called ______.

Static charge & leakage

What are some of the consequences of high humidity in the operating room?

Amperes

Current is measured in _____.

Power

The rate at which work is done, expressed as the amount of work per unit time , is called _______.

Load

\
A surgical lamp is an example of resistive energy _______.

Electrical

Electrosurgery is the application of ______ current to coagulate or cut tissue.

True

Electricity always takes the path of least resistance. True or False?

False

Only patients can be involved in laser and electrosurgical accidents. True or False?

@@True@@

It is necessary to use flame-retardant drapes during laser surgery. @@True or False?@@

%%True%%

During the coagulation process, collagen is converted into glucose, the tissue shrinks, and hemostasis occurs. %%True or False?%%

Ohm's law

The scientific law that pertains to electricity is called ____.

Thermal heat

ESU units convert electrical energy to:

Argon

Which gas can be used to enhance the effectiveness of ESU current, it is inert and incapable of combustion.

Pinpoint burn as far as the bone

A hole in the surgeon's or scrub person's glove can cause:

Robots

What is the major biomedical advance introduced into the operating room?

Sound

Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that transforms __________waves into images.

Blood flow

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that reveals dynamic activities within the body, such as _

Motion

Mechanics is the study of ________

Vibrating

A sound wave is produced by ____objects that set surrounding air molecules into motion.

Transformer

All are components of a DC circuit EXCEPT the ____

Leak tested

Following precleaning, a flexible endoscope must be __.

Diagnostic procedures

The primary use of flexible endoscopes is for __________.

Generally inferior to

The image quality of a fiber-optic endoscope is ______ a rigid endoscope.

Can be rotated in any direction to create a 360 degree view

The flexible tip of the endoscope _______.

Ultrasonic cleaner or washer sterilizer

Some rigid endoscopes may be decontaminated in a/an _______.

Endocoupler

The __________________ connects the camera to the telescope and is specific to the type of camera and scope in use.

Circulator’s

Continuous irrigation is needed during surgery of the prostate and bladder to maintain clear visualization; it is the __ responsibility to replace irrigation fluids as they are needed.

Probe

The ____ is used to move tissues around and is usually capable of electrosurgical hemostasis. It is a conductive rod coated with nonconductive material to within an inch or less of the distal tip.

Insulation housing

Endoscopic instruments perform precise surgical tasks in confined spaces; they are very delicate and must be maintained carefully. It is important that ______ not be damaged, as this can cause unintentional electrosurgical burns to the patient.

All of the above

Telescopes and video instruments are expensive to replace. They are particularly vulnerable to irreparable injury if bent, dented, or scratched. The best way to avoid harm to endoscopic equipment is to _____.

\
\-Follow the manufacuter’’s recommendations for use

\-Actively protect and care for instruments

\-Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and sterilizing

\-All of the above

The scrubbed surgical technologist and the circulator

Troubleshooting problems with the video equipment is an important task of _____.

How many pixels or silicon units the camera chip contains

The resolution of an image that the camera provides depends on _____.

Easily ignite the patient’s drapes

When a fiber optic cable is in use, it must not be activated until it is attached to the system. The intense beam can ______.

Both A & B

Lens fogging is related to the presence of debris or blood on the objective and differences between the room temperature and that of the body. _______ can be used to prevent fogging.

\
\-A chemical lens defogging agent

\-A scope warmer

\-Warm saline

\-Both A & B

Trocar-cannula system

A/An _______ is used to create ports into the abdomen or other body cavities for the insertion of endoscopic instruments.

The nature of the surgery and the patient's position

Positioning of the surgical team members depends on _______.

Fiberoptic beam fire

When utilizing a laparoscopic setup, potential hazards associated with the equipment include

Adhesions

__________ present a technical problem during endoscopic surgery, because they can cause a wide variation in the anatomical location of the organs.

Morcelization

__________ is a process in which tissue is fragmented so it can be withdrawn easily through an endoscopic cannula or suction device.

Open procedure

A traditional surgical procedure that includes incision and wide access to the targeted tissue is a/an ______________.

Sequential compression device

A device worn to prevent embolisms that result from lack of blood flow from the legs to the heart is a __________.

Fogging

When the telescope is introduced into the body, the temperature difference creates _______ on the telescope lens.

Dimmed or turned off

During an endoscopic procedure, the room lights must be _________ for most of the case.

Circulator's and scrubbed surgical technologist's

Every endoscopic procedure has the potential to turn into an open case; it is the ____________ responsibility to be prepared for this event.

CO2

Which of the following is used to establish pneumoperitoneum for minimally invasive procedures?

Flexible endoscope

A _______________________ is used to assess the regional anatomy, to obtain tissue biopsies, and to perform minor surgical procedures.

Rotational views

The flexible tip of the endoscope is operated at the control head to obtain ________.

Insulation

While cleaning, look for defects in the surface of the instrument. Look for any signs of instrument housing and ____________ damage that may cause accidental burns to the patient.

By the shaft

To prevent damage to a telescope, you should never carry or hold it ________________.

Control head

The proximal section of a flexible endoscope where the controls are located is called the ___________________.

Stereoscopic

The ____________ viewer provides three-dimensional images of the surgical site when using the da Vinci system.

Telescopic; imaging

MIS requires ________ instruments and an ________ system.

Downward

When endoscopic instruments are passed to the surgeon and the assistant, the working end of the instrument should be pointed __________ toward the opening of the cannula or endoscope.

Electrosurgical; ultrasound

_________ and_________ modalities have replaced traditional sutures in many endoscopic procedures.

Pixel

Each silicon element in the chip represents one _________.

Third generation

What generation of robots have been developed to work with supervision by a human controller

Telechir

What term is used to refer to remotely controlled robots?

Laser safety officer

A __ should be designated to monitor and enforce laser standards and precautions.

Wear the appropriate eye protection

All personnel entering a room in which laser is in use must __.

Wet towels; wet eye pads or eye cups

Protection of the patient during laser surgery would include __.

All of the above

The __ factor determines the degree of thermal damage from the laser.

\
\-Sensitivity of the irradiated tissue

\-Amount of tissue affected

\-Length of time tissue is exposed

\-All of the above

eye injury and skin burns

The two most common injuries associated with unintentional laser exposure are __.

Infrared

Denoting light in which all of the light waves are lined up so that the peaks and troughs are matched is called __.

Parallel

\
Denoting light in which the light waves move in narrow columns is called a ____. It is a characteristic of laser light.

Power

The rate at which energy is used is called ____.

Telesurgery

What term is used to refer to performing surgery with robotic arms at a distance?

Its waves are parallel to each other and do not spread out as they travel away from their source

Laser light is collimated, which means that __.

Carbon dioxide

The _____ laser is the most frequently used laser system in the operating room.

Potassium titanyl phosphate

This laser produces a green wavelength within an affinity for red or darker tissues, such as hemoglobin or melanin.

Nd:YAG

a

The laser medium

The gas, liquid, or solid through which light energy is passed to create a laser beam, contains within the optical resonant chamber, is known as _______________________.

Amplification system

In lasers, a series of mirrors that reflects photons within the optical resonant chamber and causes emission of more photons and the creation of laser energy is known as ___________________________.

Monochromatic

All of the waves in laser light have exactly the same wavelength or color, which is ___________.

Targeted tissue

Lasers are distinguished by the functional or biophysical reaction of the ______________________.

Biomedical engineering department

It is the responsibility of the ___ to ensure the proper working condition of lasers and electrosurgical equipment for the protection of the patient and surgical personnel.

Manipulators

What is the technical term for robotic arms?

Articulated geometry

The robotic arm's clockwise and counterclockwise movements around an axis are referred to as:

Yaw

A right and left movement of the robotic arm is called: