biological molecules

what do all living things require

movement, respiration, sensitivity, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrients

what is nutrition

the act of obtaining food for growth and repair

what are the 3 main groups of nutrients

carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

what elements are in carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

what elements are in proteins

hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

what elements are in lipids

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

what is the basic unit of all carbohydrates

simple sugars

what is an example of a simple sugar

glucose

what is the structure of glucose

a monosaccharide

what is a monosaccharide

a single unit of sugar that cannot be broken down further

what is the product of two glucose molecules joining together

a disaccharide and molecule of maltose is formed

what is the produce of lots of glucose molecules joining together

a polysaccharide is formed

give an example of a glucose based polysaccharide

starch

give examples of carbohydrate sources

breads, grains and pasta

describe the structure of glucose

a six-carbon (hexose) sugar. as a monosaccharide, glucose cannot be broken down any further

what is the basic unit of all protein molecules

amino acids

how many different amino acids are there

20

describe the similarity and differences of the 20 amino acids

they all contain the same basic structure but each amino acid has a different R group (R groups have a variety of sizes and activities)

what happens when amino acids join together

a protein is formed

what happens when two amino acids join together

a dipeptide is formed

what happens when many amino acids join together

a polypeptide is formed

does the order arrangement matter for amino acids

no - even a small change in the sequence of the amino acids can cause a big change in the shape of a protein being formed

what are good sources of protein

fish, meats and eggs

describe the basic structure of an amino acid

there are 20 different R groups across the 20 amino acids

what are sources of lipids

fats and oils

what is the state of fats in room temperature

solid

what is the state of oil in room temperature

liquid

what are the main group of lipids found in foods called

triglycerides

what are triglycerides

triglycerides are a combination of glycerol and three fatty acids

describe the structure of a triglyceride

a triglyceride consists of a glycerol head and three fatty acid tails

what is this?

the structure of a triglyceride

what is this?

the structure of glucose

what is this?

the basic structure of an amino acid