Prelims - CHINA

Stages of Development

Primitive, Slave, and Feudal

Kind of Society China was during the middle part of the 19th century due to foreign forces

Semi-colonial and semi-feudal

Founder of the People's Republic of China

Mao Tse Dong

He was discovered in the Yunnan Province

Yunnan Man

Ape-man discovered in the Shaanxi Province

Lantian Man

Sinanthropus Pekinensis: a Primitive man who knew how to hunt and use fire while walking erect bipedally

Peking/Beijing Man

This culture represented Matriarchal Society

Yangshao Culture

This culture represented Patriarchal Society

Longshan Culture

Under this culture copper was discovered and technology in pottery-making improved

Longshan Culture

Under this culture, the bow and arrow was developed

Yangshao Culture

He headed the royal house

Emperor or Son of Heaven

He is a quasi-divine figure, part king, and part pope

Emperor

First Dynasty to introduce Slave Society whose capital was centered in Henan Province

Xia/Hsia Dynasty

Silk raising, weaving, and bronze making were raised to a high level during this dynasty. Agriculture and animal raising were expanded

Shang/Yin Dynasty

Divided into the West and East which included the Spring and Autumn Period, and the Warring States Period. Under this Dynasty, Chinese philosophers lived and died.

Zhou/Chou Dynasty

Leaders of the Confucian School

Confucius and Mencius

Founder of the Mohist School

Mo Zi

Taoist School

Lao Zi and Shang Zi

This School of Thought preached Harmony with Nature

Taoist School

Leaders of the Legalist School

Han Fei Zi and Shang Yang

Chinese Philosophers

Confucius, Mencius, Mo Zi, Lao Zi, Shang Zi, Han Fei Zi, Shang Yang, Chuang Tzu, Yang Chu

Marked the beginning of China's medieval history

Qin/Chin Dynasty

First real dynasty of China

Qin/Chin Dynasty

He established the Qin Dynasty

Chin Shi Huang Ti

This was built to protect the northern frontier from Mongolian Invasions

The Great Wall of China

This is the Golden Age of Chinese History

Han Dynasty

He wrote the irst complete general history of China

Sima Qian

Chinese Historical Records

Shi Ji

A trade route leading from the Chinese Capital that passes through the Yellow river, Sinkiang, Afghanistan, Iran, Asia Minor, and Europe

Silk Road

Under this Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced

Han Dynasty

Other dynasties

Three Kingdoms Period, Western Southern and Eastern Chin

Three Kingdoms Period

Wei, Shu, Wu

China's Dark Age

Southern and Northern Dynasty

Barbarian groups during the Barbarian Invasion of China

Hsiung Nu or Huns

Shortest Dynasty of China

Sui Dynasty

Most powerful of all dynasties

Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty was known for being the golden age of what?

Golden Age of Chinese Literature and Art

Golden Age of Chinese Commerce and Trade

Sung Dynasty

The combined elements of Taoism and Buddhism with Confucian doctrines

Chu Hsi

He introduced state Socialism

Wang An-Shih

First Foreign (Mongolian) Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

He led the Yuan Dynasty

Kublai Khan

Two merchants who came to China from abroad

Marco Polo and Ibn Batuta

Under this dynasty, China became a great nation with Nanking as its capital

Ming Dynasty

Christian Missionaries that visited China during the Ming Dynasty

St. Francis Xavier and Matteo Ricci

Last Imperial Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

Most anti-foreign dynasty

Qing Dynasty

Factors that contributed to European Expansion

Crusades, Renaissance, and Medieval Travelers

Why did the Europeans come to Asia?

God, Gold, Glory

Trade Routes between Europe and Asia

• Northern Route (River, Caravan, and Interior Seas)

• Middle Route

• Southern Route (by Water)

These merchants arrived in China and presented themselves to Kublai Khan

Nicolo and Marco Polo

He exposed Marco Polo's book and was his cellmate

Rusticiano of Pisa

Two revolutions of the Modern Chinese Period

Old-democratic and new-democratic

Sole open port for the British

Canton

ambitions of foreign powers that formed a destructive rivalry and competition for Chinese lands

Imperialism

Main item bought and brought from the Chinese

Tea

Commodity that corrected the imbalance of the British-Chinese Tea Trade

Opium

Chinese monopolists

Hong/Cohong Merchants

War started because of Opium

Opium War

The imperial commissioner who prohibited and banned the Opium Trade

Lin Tse-hsu

This ended the Sino-British Opium War

Treaty of Nanking

Ports opened to the British under the Treaty of Nanking

Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningbo, and Shanghai

A Peasant uprising headed by Hung Hsiu-Chuan

Taiping Rebellion

He was a village teacher who wanted to defeat the Manchus and establish a new dynasty

Hung Hsui Chuan

They ended the Taiping Rebellion

Tseng Kuo-Fan and Li Hung-Chang

Foreigners who aided in the ending of the Taiping Rebellion

Frederick Ward (American) and Charles Gorge Gordon (British)

An Anti-Foreign movement aimed at eliminating the West and their influence in China

Boxer Rebellion

Name given by the foreigners to the Boxer Rebellion

Righteous Harmony Fists

Slogan of the Boxer Rebellion

Protect the Dynasty

Order of the Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi (Hsiao Chin)

Old Buddha

Foreign Legations during the Boxer Rebellion Settlement

Russia, Germany, France, Great Britain, USA, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Austria, etc

She never trusted the Westerners and was vigorous and domineering

Empress Dowager Cixi (Tzu Hsi)

An intelligent but unskilled emperor who had no direct knowledge of the outside world

Emperor Kuang Hsu

An outstanding Manchu General

Yuan Shi Kai

The last Ching Emperor

Hsuang Tung (Pu Yi)

Reasons for the decline of the Ching Dynasty

• Administrative inefficiency

• Widespread Corruption

• Debasement of the Military

• Pressure of a Rising Population

• Financial Stringency

• Intellectual Irresponsibility

• Rebellions

• Foreign Aggressions

• Rise of Nationalist Reformers

Originator and Leader of China's Bourgeoisie revolution

Dr. Sun Yat-Sen

Titles of Sun Yat Sen

Father of the Chinese Revolution

Patron Saint of the Nationalist Republic

Founding Father of the Republic of China

Sun Yat Sen was elected leader of this organization to overthrow the Ching Dynasty

China Revolutionary League

Three Principles of the People

San Min Chu I: Nationalism, Democracy, and Socialism

Other term for the San Min Chu I

The Great Bright Way for China

The revolution that started in Wu-Chang which successfully overthrew the Manchu Dynasty

Double Ten Uprising

First leader of the Republic of China

Chiang Kai Chek

Political Party of Chiang Kai Shek

Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)

Recognized Major Races of the Chinese Republic

Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, Turkis, and Tibetans

An open political party with open membership with the purpose of implementing the foundation of the Three People's Principles

Kuomintang

Japan's demands to China for the latter's defeat during the first world war

21 Demands

Treaty that ended the First World War

Treaty of Versailles

Mass movement meant to challenge the signing of the 21 Demands Treaty

May Fourth Movement

The May 4th Movement made a model for the founding of this party

Chinese Communist Party

model of the Chinese Communist Party

Marxism

Strategy implemented by Chiang Kai Shek to combat the Communists

Encirclement and Extermination

Communist defeat due to position warfare instead of guerilla warfare

Long March

Japanese Aggression of Manchuria

Mukden Incident

Japanese Idea of Imperialism

to conquer the world, it is necessary to conquer China first, and to conquer China it is necessary to conquer Manchuria and Mongolia first

The arrest of President Chiang Kai Shek by his own Generals

Xian Incident

It demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan

Cairo Declaration

The meeting that discussed the unification of China and to end the civil war which ended in a total failure

Chungking Conference