French oral phrases and grammer

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A mood used to express wishes, emotions, or uncertainties, formed with the structure 'uttryck + que + subjonctif'.

Steg 1: Ta stammen från 3:e person plural (ils/elles) i presens.

Exempel:

• parler → ils parlent → stam = parl-

• finir → ils finissent → stam = finiss-

• vendre → ils vendent → stam = vend-

Steg 2: Lägg till subjonctifändelserna:

Person	Ändelse
je	-e
tu	-es
il/elle/on	-e
nous	-ions
vous	-iez
ils/elles	-ent

✅ Formel:

Stam från "ils" i presens + subjonctif-ändelse

Subjonctif

A mood expressing hypothetical actions or events, formed with the infinitive stem plus imperfect endings.

Formel:

• Stam (oftast infinitiv, förutom för vissa oregelbundna verb där stammen förändras) + ändelser: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient

Le Conditionnel

A past tense that describes ongoing actions or states, formed from the nous form in present minus -ons plus endings.

Formel:

• Stam (nous-formen i presens minus -ons) + ändelser: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient

Imparfait

A compound past tense formed with present tense of avoir/être and past participle.

Passé composé

A near future tense formed with the present tense of aller plus an infinitive.

Formel:

• Présent de "aller" (att gå) + infinitiv verb

Futur proche

A simple future tense formed with the future stem plus future endings.

Formel:

• Stam (oftast infinitiv, men med några oregelbundna verb) + ändelser: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont

Exempel med verbet parler (att prata):

• Je parlerai (Jag kommer att prata)

Futur simple

A passive voice structure formed with être in the correct tense plus the past participle.

För att bilda le voix passive (passiv form) på franska följer du denna formel:

Formel för le voix passive:

être (i rätt tempus) + participe passé (dåtidens particip) + (par + subjektet)

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Exempel på hur du använder formeln:

1. Présent (Nutid):

   • Formel: être (présent) + participe passé

   • Exempel:

     • Le livre est lu par Jean. (Boken läses av Jean.)

     • Les lettres sont envoyées.(Breven skickas.)

1. Passé Composé (Perfekt):

   • Formel: être (présent) i passé composé + participe passé

   • Exempel:

     • Le livre a été lu par Jean. (Boken har blivit läst av Jean.)

     • Les lettres ont été envoyées. (Breven har blivit skickade.)

Voix passive

A form that expresses the action of a verb in a way that emphasizes 'by doing' something, constructed using 'en + participe présent'.

3. Le Gérondif (Gerundium)

Formel:

• Verbet i nous-form (présent) utan -ons + -ant

Exempel med verbet parler (att tala):

• En parlant (genom att tala)

Gérondif

Quelque chose

Something, often used in expressions of preference or desire.

À mon avis

In my opinion, used to introduce personal beliefs or thoughts.

Il faut que

It is necessary that, an expression used to introduce subjunctive clauses.

Quand j’étais petit(e)

When I was small/young, used to describe past habits or characteristics.

Je n’ai jamais vécu

I have never lived, often used to express experiences not encountered.

J’aimerais mieux

I would rather, used to express preference between choices.

Je ne supporte pas

I can’t stand, an expression indicating strong dislike.

Ça me plaît énormément

I like it a lot, an expression of strong preference for something.

Je kiffe

I love, a colloquial term used to indicate a strong liking.

Grâce à

Thanks to, a phrase indicating a positive cause.

À cause de

Because of, a phrase indicating a negative cause.

Bien que

Although, used to introduce concessive clauses.

Même si

Even if, used to present a condition that may contrast with the main clause.

Tu es d’accord avec moi?

Do you agree with me? A question to seek agreement.

Je ne pense pas que ce soit vrai

I don’t think that’s true, an expression of doubt requiring the subjunctive.

Quand

When, a conjunction used to introduce time clauses.

Si

If, a conjunction commonly used to introduce conditional clauses.

Tu as déjà vécu ça?

Have you ever experienced that? A question to share or inquire about experiences.

C’est incroyable!

That’s incredible! An expression of surprise.

C’est une bonne question…

That’s a good question… often used to prompt more thought.

Je ne savais pas ça!

I didn’t know that! An expression of surprise or learning.

Il faut que je parte

I must leave, an expression used to indicate necessity.

Je suis en train de

I am in the process of, used to describe ongoing actions.

J’ai l’intention de

I intend to, used for expressing future plans.

Je suis sûr(e) que

I am sure that, an expression of certainty.

Je souhaite que

I wish that, often used in contexts that require the subjunctive mood.

Je suis désolé(e) que

I am sorry that, an expression of apology requiring the subjunctive.

J’en ai assez de

I have had enough of, indicating strong frustration or weariness.

J’espère que

I hope that, used to express hope for a future event.

Je vais essayer de

I am going to try to, signaling intent to attempt an action.

C'est dommage que

It's a pity that, an expression of regret.

Je suis content(e) que

I am happy that, expressing positive emotions that often require the subjunctive.

Je veux bien que

I would like that, an expression indicating willingness.

Cela m'énerve que

It annoys me that, expressing irritation often requiring the subjunctive.

Il est important que

It is important that, used to stress significance and often followed by the subjunctive.

Je ne comprend pas pourquoi

I do not understand why, an expression of confusion.

Je préfère que

I prefer that, a statement indicating a choice that usually requires the subjunctive.

Nous devrions

We should, used for suggesting actions.

Je ne suis pas sûr(e) que

I am not sure that, expressing uncertainty while requiring the subjunctive.

Parfois

Sometimes, indicating frequency.

Toujours

Always, indicating something that never changes.

Jamais

Never, indicating something that doesn't happen at any time.

Souvent

Often, indicating a frequent occurrence.