apush ch5 key terms

French and Indian War

begun in 1754 and ending with a British victory in 1763, this conflict was known in Europe as the seven years war. it was one of a long series of wars between france and England forpolitical dominance in Europe and territorial dominance in North America. 

Treaty of Paris

the treaty ending the French and Indian war in 1763; it gave all of French canada and Spanish florida to Britain.

George III

king of England (r.1760-1820); his government’s policies produced colonial discontent that led to the American revolution in 1776

George Grenville

british prime minister who sought to tighten controls over the colonies and to impose taxes to raise revenues.

Covenant Chain

an alliance of Indian tribes established to resist colonial settlement in the ohio valley and great lakes region and to oppose British trading policies. 

Pontiac

ottawa chief who led the unsuccessful resistance against British policy in 1763

Proclamation Line of 1763

boundary that Britain established in the Appalachian mountains, west of which white settlement was banned; it was intended to reduce conflict between Indians and the colonist

Currency Act

British law of 1764 banning the printing of money in the American paper colonies

Sugar Act

British law of 1764 that tax sugar and other colonial imports to pay for some of Britain’s expenses in protecting the colonies

Stamp Act

British law of 1765 that directly taxed a variety of items, including newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents

Sons of Liberty

A secret organization first formed in Boston to oppose the stamp act

Samuel Adams

Massachusetts revolutionary leader in propagandist who organized opposition to British policies after 1764

Thomas Hutchinson

Boston, merchant and Judge, who served as lieutenant governor and later governor of Massachusetts; Stamp Act protesters destroyed his home in 1765

Patrick Henry

member of the Virginia House of Burke, an American Revolutionary leader noted for oratorical skills

Stamp Act Congress

A meeting convened in October 1765 to call for the appeal of the stamp act. delegates from nine colonies attended this first example of colonial cooperation

Boycott

an organized political protest used by the colonist to protect British taxation, in which people refuse to buy goods from a nation or group of people whose actions they oppose; also con non-importation

Declaratory Act

A statement of Parliament authority over the American colonies “in all cases whatsoever”,passed on the same day as the appeal of the stamp act

Townshend Acts

revenue-raising Measure imposing duties, for the first time, on colonial imports from within the British empire

Boston Massacre

A clash between Boston citizens and British soldiers on march 5 1770 that resulted in the deaths of five civilians and the trials of nine British soldiers

Committee of Correspondence

committees appointed by the legislature of all the mainland colonies, except Pennsylvania and North Carolina to speed into colonial communication of political news

Intolerable Acts

three acts parliament passed in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston tea party also called the coercive acts; colonist also considered the Quebec act and the quartering act to be part of Britain’s new and more coercive policy

First Continental Congress

A gathering of delegates from 12 colonies in 1774 the demanded the appeal of the intolerable act, established a new boycott of British goods, and issued a declaration of rights and grievances

Minutemen

nickname first given to the Concorde militia because of their speed in assembling in later applied generally to colonial militia during the revolution

Battles of Lexington and Concord

confrontations in April 1775 between British soldiers and patriot Minutemen; the first recognized battles of the Revolution

Olive Branch Petition

resolution adopted by the second continental Congress in 1775, after the battles of Lexington and Concord, that offered to end armed resistance, if the king would withdraw his troops and repeal the intolerable acts

Common Sense

revolutionary pamphlet written by Thomas Payne in 1776;it attacked George III, argued against monarchy, and advanced the patriotic cause

Republic

A nation in which supreme power resides in the citizens, who elect representatives to govern them

Declaration of Independence

A formal statement adopted by the second continental Congress in 1776, that listed justification for rebellion and declared the American mainland colonies to be independent of Britain