Filipino Psychology - Departmentals Exam

Rizal and Mabini

They showed dissatisfaction regarding pejorative interpretation of Filipino behaviors by the Western Observers

Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez

He returned to the Philippines from Northwestern University USA with a PhD degree and lost no time in introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay

Chairman of Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines (UP)

Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP)

From the researches made by Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez and Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, a two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality test called?

Unang Pambansang Kumprensya

In 1975, Enriquez chaired the?

Indigenous Psychology

The scientific and culture of a people and the application to psychological practice of indigenous knowledge rooted in the people's ethnic heritage and consciousness

Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinas, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language

Sikolohiyang Pilipino

It is based on assessing historical and sociocultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino

Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of Filipinos

Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Stressed the need for psychology to be ethical or respectful of the Filipino (makatao), to be relevant to Filipino social realities (makabuluhan), and to be culturally appropriate (angkop sa kultura)

Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez

Aka Doc E

Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez

Returned from his studies to the Philippines in 1997 and established the Philippine Psychology Research House

Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez

Raised questions about the validity of western psychological concepts and methodologies

Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez

He advocated that Sikolohiyang Pilipino must be based on the experience, ideas, and orientation of the Pilipino

1. Academic-Scientific Psychology

2. Academic-Philosophical Psychology

3. Ethnic Psychology

4. Psycho-Medical System with Religion

Four filiations of Philippine Psychology:

Academic-Scientific Psychology

Sikolohiyang-Akademiko-Siyentipiko

Academic-Scientific Psychology

The Western tradition - this follows the American oriented psychological tradition that can be traced back to Wilhelm Wundt in 1876

Academic-Scientific Psychology

Introduced in the Philippines through formal American education system in universities

Academic-Philosophical Psychology

Sikolohiyang-Akademiko-Pilosopikal

Academic-Philosophical Psychology

The clerical tradition - This was started by priest-professors at the UST during the 17th century Spanish Era. This tradition originally came from the writings of the preachers and monks in philosophy and "pre-scientific" Spanish elites and would later join with the American-oriented scientific psychology

Ethnic Psychology

Sikolohiyang katutubo

Ethnic Psychology

Beliefs and proto-clinical practices taken from language, literature, myths, legends, etc.

Ethnic Psychology

Includes psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with Filipino indigenous elements as basis 9e.g., Hermano Pule, Rizal, Isabelo de los Reyes, Kalaw, etc.) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of the Filipino) as formulated by Virgilio Enriquez

Psycho-Medical System with Religion

Sistemang Sikomedical at Relihiyon

Psycho-Medical System with Religion

A psychological tradition that is closely related to ethnic psychology

Psycho-Medical System with Religion

Uses religion as the basis and explanation. This includes the faith healing practices of the babaylan or katalonan (e.g., herbolaryo, espiritista, etc.)

Kapwa

Is deeply Filipino value that translates to "shared identity"

Kapwa

It reflects the idea that the self and others are fundamentally connected and morally equal

Kapwa

Unity of the self with others, is the central value that connects all the different Filipino values

Others

This English term is actually used in opposition to the self, and implies the recognition of the self as a separate identity

Kapwa

Is a recognition of shared identity, Enriquez argues for a Filipino Psychology that begins with the concept of shared inner self, or a self with others

1. Ibang Tao

2. Hindi Ibang Tao

Levels of kapwa by Dr. Virgilio Enriquez:

Ibang Tao

"Outsider"

1. Pakikisalamuha

2. Pakikilahok

3. Pakikisama

Things under ibang tao:

Pakikisalamuha

Interaction

Pakikilahok

Participation

Pakikisama

Adjustment

1. Pakikipaglagayang-loob

2. Pakikisangkot

3. Pakikipagkaisa

Things under hindi ibang tao:

Pakikipaglagayang-loob

Act of mutual trust

Pakikisangkot

Act of joining others

Pakikipagkaisa

Being one with others/unity

1. Pivotal Interpersonal Values

2. Linking Sociopersonal Values

3. Accomodate Surface Values

4. Confrontative Surface Values

5. Associated Societal Values

The Filipino psychology core values:

Pakikiramdam

Shared inner perceptions

Pakikiramdam

Filipinos use this as a basic tool to guide their dealings with other people

Kagandahang Loob

Shared humanity

Kagandahang Loob

Refers to being able to help other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as part of the Filipino community

1. Hiya

2. Utang na Loob

3. Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa

Accomodate surface values:

Accomodate Surface Values

Function is to maintain or keep the status quo between individuals or among groups

Hiya

Loosely translated as shyness by most Western psychologist

Hiya

Is actually a "sense of property"

Utang na Loob

Norm of reciprocity, Filipinos are expected to return favors

Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa

Smooth interpersonal relationship or SIR

Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa

Guided by conformity with the majority

Confrontative Surface

Surface when Filipinos take active participation in a situation

1. Bahala Na

2. Lakas ng Loob

3. Pakikibaka

Types of confrontative surface values:

Bahala na

"Leave it up to God"

Bahala na

Used as an expression in Filipino culture

Bahala Na

We engage in this attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping strategy when faced with challenging situations

Lakas ng Loob

Being courageous in the midst of problems/uncertainties

Pakikibaka

In English, "concurrent clashes".

Pakikibaka

The ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy

Associated Societal Values

Recognized as a triad, which emanates from the core value

Associated Societal Values

Not free standing

Associated Societal Values

One must be ingrained with the core value, for the surface values to manifest

1. Karangalan

2. Puri

3. Dangal

4. Katarungan

5. Kalayaan

Types of associated societal values:

Karangalan

Translated to "dignity"

Karangalan

Actually refers to what we see in a person and how we use that information to take a stand/judge about his/her worth

Puri

External aspects of dignity

Puri

Compels Filipinos to conform to social norms, regardless how obsolete they are

Dangal

Internal aspect of dignity

Dangal

Refers to how a person judges his own worth

Katarungan

Loosely translated to "justice"

Katarungan

Refers to equity when giving rewards to a person

Kalayaan

Freedom and mobility

Kalayaan

Refers to how a person judges his own worth

1. Pakikipagkwentuhan

2. Pagtatanong-tanong

3. Panunuluyan

4. Pagdalaw-dalaw

5. Pakikiramdam

6. Pakapa-kapa

7. Pagmamasid

Basic tenets and principle in indigenous research methods:

Pakikipagkwentuhan

Story telling / informal conversation

Pagtatanong-tanong

Improvised informal, unstructured interview

Panunuluyan

Visiting

Pakikiramdam

Shared sensitiveness

Pakapa-kapa

Grooming, searching, probing; a field method

Pagmamasid

Participant observation looking around

Pakikipagkwentuhan

Is an occasion for exchange of information, ideas, insights and opinions; sharing of beliefs, thoughts and experiences

1. Oral

2. Written

3. Transmitted

4. Request

Types of pakikipagkwentuhan:

Oral

Pasasalita

Written

Pasulat

Transmitted

Pasalin-salin through time

Request

Pakipag-hingi ng pahintulot

Pakikipagkwentuhan

An informal, free, and social process of exchanging information, thoughts, and knowledge, that is part of human daily activities

Pakikipagkwentuhan

In this method, the researcher engages in a story-telling with an umpukan

Pagtatanong-tanong

"Asking questions"

Tanong

The repetition of ___, is indicative of seriousness of purpose wherein one is truly determined to get answers to one's question

Pagtatanong-tanong

It is part of everyday casual interaction

Pagtatanong-tanong

Researcher must plan very well for certain conditions, consider convenience and comfort of informants, their background differences, language, norms, values, and (history, within/between group activities, policies)

Panunuluyan

In this method, the researcher stays in the home of his kalagot or participants, while he conduct research with consent by the host family, whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan

Tuloy

This term means "to go in"

Pagdalaw-dalaw

In this method, the researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay, as opposed to staying in the house

Pakikiramdam

In this method, the researcher uses entirely his feelings/emotions to justify if his participants or kalagot are ready to be part of his research or not

Pakapa-kapa

In this approach, the researcher uses "groping", or a mixture of feelings as well as circumstances, to justify his intrusion into the lives of the kalahok

Kapa

This term literally means to grope in the dark