Ansc 107 Exam 1 TAMU

Dual Purpose Breed

Excel in sire and maternal characteristics

Breed

Animals of common origin having characteristics that distinguish them other groups within the same species

Sire Breed

Fast growing, muscular, late maturing, low milking

Maternal Breed

Heavy milking, early maturing sexually, inherently fertile, small to moderate size

Useful to segregate breeds according to maturing rates can be an indicator of

Frame size at maturity, chronological age at maturity, leanness, marbling ability, muscling, fleshing ability, fertility

Angus (cattle)

Scotland, black, naturally polled, and moderate size

Hereford (cattle)

England, red with white face, poorest marbling, cancer in the eye easily because sunburn

Shorthorn (cattle)

English, red, white, & roan, excellent milk production

Bos Indicus Breeds

Eared cattle; long and floppy ears

Brahman (cattle)

India, red & gray, heat tolerance, disease & insect resistance & crossing ability, highest stress cattle

Brangus (cattle)

U.S., 5/8 Angus and 3/8 Brahman, high energy, good mothers

Santa Gertrudis (cattle)

U.S., 5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman, developed on the King Ranch in Kingsville, TX by Robert J. Kleberg, Santa Cruz composite

Beefmaster (cattle)

U.S., 6 essentials: weight, conformation, fertility, hardiness, disposition, and milking ability. No color pattern.

Hardiness (cattle)

They can survive anywhere

Charolais (cattle)

France, large framed, off-white, heavy birth weights and large mature size

Chianina (cattle)

Italy, one of the world's oldest breeds. Traditionally short, straight off-white hair coat. Now they are black and fluffy

Limousin (cattle)

France, extremely lean, reddish gold

Texas Longhorn (cattle)

Hobby breed

Ranking Breeds

Hot & Humid, material traits, muscularity, marbling ability, cold winters, rapid growth

Brown Swiss (cattle)

Switzerland, large docile, brown to various shades, from light brow with gray or silvery tones to very dark brown, lowest production dairy breed, have high libido so they figure out when women are in heat

Holstein-Friesian (cattle)

Netherlands, highest fluid milk production, dominant breed of dairy cattle, black & white color pattern

Jersey (cattle)

Isle of Jersey, small, buttermilk production, light tan to dark fawn

Swine Breeds

Seedstock productions, commercial producers, corporate production units

Seedstock Productions

Producing genetics for commercial protection

Commercial Production

Outcome is protein

Corporate Production Units

Specific goals, guidelines, and restrictions

Swine Reproduction

Fast turnover

Swine Association

National Pork board (educate meat scientist)

Landrace (hog)

Denmark, most prolific swine breed that is longer than other breeds because of an extra vertebrae (lots of offspring)

Yorkshire (hog)

England, erect ears

Duroc (hog)

Reddish brown with drooping ears, body looks like legs when shared but still looks hairy

Hampshire (hog)

U.S., black with a white belt around shoulders, pig

Pietrain (hog)

Belgium, susceptible to stress, pale soft & exudative

Pale Soft and Exudative (PSE)

Pale, low pH, low water capacity

Sheep Breeding

Meat and wool

Merino (sheep)

Spain, fleece comes into their face, most dominant breed in the sheep industry

Rambouillet (sheep)

France, dominant range ewe, open face

Dorset (sheep)

England, breed out of season, mature early both sexually and compositionally

Hampshire (sheep)

England

Southdown (sheep)

England, one of the oldest sheep breeds, incredible shape and muscle

Suffolk (sheep)

England, fine bone composition

Finnsheep (sheep)

Finland, most noted for their incredible prolificacy, require intensive management

Polypay (sheep)

U.S., 6 goals in development stages, not common

6 goals in development stages for Polypay

High lifetime prolificacy, good lamb crop at 1 year of age, ability to lamb more frequently than one year, good growth rate of lambs, good carcass growth, will breed out of season

Goat Breeds

Less than 1 lb of lamb is eaten by the average U.S. citizen in 1 year

Angora (goat)

Luxurious fiber, hair is in their face

South African Boer Goat

Good meat type confirmation with superior spring of rib, body length and muscling, brown head & neck with white body & legs, short to medium hair

Alpine (goat)

French Alps, have erect ears, good milkers, all different colors

Spanish Goat

Spain, meat production, high variable in appearance and performance as little planned selection has occurred, no color pattern

Nubian (goat)

Africa, high butterfat, drooping ears, Roman nose, "Jersey of milk goats"

Horse Breeds

Working vs. Companion

Horses are measured in

Hands, 1 hand is equal to 4 inches

Pony

Less than 14.2 hands

Horse

More than 14.2 hands

Appaloosa (horse)

Not common, spotted

Arabian Horse

Arabia, solid colors: bay, brown, chestnut, gray, and black, dished skill, high energy, used for showing

American Paint Horse

U.S., may have a quarter horse or thoroughbred, 2 color patterns: tobiano or overo

Thoroughbred

England, common, used in the race arena, all different colors and looks

American Quarter Horse

Working cow horse, cutting horse

Clydesdale (horse)

Scotland, Budweiser Hitch

Ad Libitum

Allowing animals to eat all they want at all times

Compensatory Growth

Increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment

Calorie

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 15 degrees C to 16 degrees C

Concentrate

A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible

Total Digestible Nutrient (T.D.N.)

Amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat

Roughage

A feed that is high fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Examples: hay, straw, silage, and pasture

Feeder

Animals that need further feeding prior to slaughter

Fill

The contents of the digestive tract

Carcass Merit

The value of a carcass for consumpution

Dark Cutter

Animal has been highly stressed for an extended period of time, high water holding capacity, color of the lean in the carcass

Contemporary Group

A set of animals of the same sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditions

Cull

To eliminate from the breeding population, have to do this to be successful economically

Fertility

The capacity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction

Libido

Male sex drive

A.I.

Artificial insemination, turkey's need this because they are overweight

E.T.

Embryo transfer

Estrus

The period of mating activity in a female

Estrous

The heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the next

Gestation Period

Term of pregnancy

Gestation Period of a Equine

340 days

Gestation Period of a Bovine

283 days

Gestation Period of a Porcine

113 days

Gestation Period of a Ovine

147 days

Gestation Period of a Caprine

147 days

Dystocia

Difficult birth

Colostrum

The first milk given by the female following delivery of her young

Weaning

Taking a young animal from it's dam (mother)

Anestrous Period

The time when a female is not in estrus. The non-breeding season

DHIA

Dairy Herd Improvement Association, participate in keeping records

Scurs

Small hornlike tissue attached to the skin of polled or dehorned animals, can be popped off

Castration

Removing testicles

Spaying

The removal of the ovaries from the female reproductive tract

Caprine

Goats

Ovine

Sheep

Male of Breeding Age for Cattle

Bull

Young female cattle

Heifer

Unsexed male cattle

Steer

Groups of Cattle

Herd

Act of Parturition for cattle

Calving

Male of Breeding age for horses

Stallion