AP Bio: Mitosis and Meiosis

Chapter 9 and 10. Mitosis and Meiosis for AP Bio

somatic cells

Any cells that are not gametes. These cells are diploid cells, and they make up the majority of the body's cells

genome

chromosome

centromere

kinetochore

chromatin

chromatid

centrioles

centrosome

cell cycle

G1 phase

S phase

G2 phase

M phase

mitosis

The stage of the cell cycle that results in cell division (and there for, two identical daughter cells are created!)

prophase

prometaphase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

cell plate

cleavage furrow

binary fission

cyclin

CDK

G0 phase

MPF

Growth factor

Density dependence

Anchorage dependence

Sexual vs. asexual reproduction

One of these refers to the combination of genetic material from two parents, while the other refers to the creation of offspring from one organism (offspring has identical genetics to the parent organism)

One of these allows for more genetic diversity, while the other allows for fast and easy reproduction.

meiosis

Cell division that leads to the creation of gametes. Rather than creating diploid cells, this process has multiple stages of division, so it creates haploid cells.

gamete

A haploid cell. Either a sperm or an egg. Meant for reproduction.

zygote

A fertilized egg (a cell formed by the union of a sperm and an egg)

chromosome

autosome

centromere

chromatid

diploid (2n)

A cell that contains two copies of all of the chromosomes.

haploid (n)

A cell that has one copy of each chromosome.

homologous chromosomes

prophase I

metaphase I

anaphase I

telophase I

prophase II

metaphase II

anaphase II

telophase II

crossing over

During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information between each other. This leads to genetic variation in the gametes.

synapsis

tetrad

chiasmata

recombinant chromosomes