World History Honors Multiple Choice

The Philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property

John Locke

Which statement best explains how Enlightenment thinking challenged traditional sources of authority?

It shifted authority from external sources like God and tradition to individual human reason

An influential French writer whose famous book, On the Spirit of the Laws, proposed that a separation of powers would keep any individual/group from gaining total control of the government

Baron de Montesquieu

Brilliant French satirist and one of the most famous writers of the Enlightenment; he frequently targeted the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government and he never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and freedom of speech

Voltaire

In A Vindication of the Rights of Women, this political thinker presented an argument for the education of women; she also declared that women should have the same political rights as men

Mary Wollstonecraft

The Enlightenment was a movement of:

Intellectuals

Which of the following was NOT a core belief, or concept, of the philosophes?

Faith/Relgion

The Swiss intellectual/writer, best known for his book on government, The Social Contract

Jean Jacques Rousseau

He believed that all people possessed natural rights and that it was the government’s job to protect them

Locke

This philosopher’s ideas greatly influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America; he argued against the use of torture and other common abuses

Beccaria

Rosseau believed that the best form of government would be a:

Direct democracy

Who took Montesquieu’s principles and worked them into their constitution?

French philosophes

What did the word reason mean to Enlightenment intellectuals?

Understanding of all of life could be discovered through human mind & logical thinking

He supervised the publication of a huge encyclopedia that summarized human knowledge during the Enlightenment:

Denis Diderot

The new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems was the:

Enlightenment

How did the Scientific Revolution create the foundation for Enlightenment philosophy?

It established empirical and rational methods that philosophers later applied to understanding human society

Which of the following statements about the song MmmBop is incorrect?

It was originally released in 2007

This political thinker believed that all humans were naturally selfish and wicked and therefore argued that strong (authoritarian) governments were necessary to avoid chaos and maintain law and order:

Thomas Hobbes

This artistic style of the 1600s and early 1700s was characterized by grand, ornate designs:

Baroque

According to John Locke’s theory, what justifies a government’s right to rule over people?

Governments exist to protect people’s natural rights, and people can overthrow tyrannical governments

In a History thesis paper, where should you place your thesis statement:

the last sentence of the intro paragraph

How did the concept of natural rights challenge existing social and political structures?

It suggested that all humans possessed inherent rights regardless of their social class or birth circumstances

What does the gradual nature of social change during this period suggest about implementing Enlightenment ideals?

Social transformation required time as new ideas challenged deeply entrenched interests and beliefs

Women’s contributions to the Enlightenment included all of the following EXCEPT:

running for political offices

What does the global spread of Enlightenment-inspired revolutions suggest about these ideas?

The principles of natural rights, popular sovereignty, and individual freedom had universal appeal across different societies

“Humane” device used as a means of execution during the French Revolution

Guillotine

He seized power of the French government in 1799 with a military takeover.

Napoleon

Louis XVI’s unpopular wife - her nickname was “Madame Deficit“

Marie Antoinette

The ruling family of France

Bourbon

King who bankrupted France by building Versailles and fighting lots of wars

Louis XIV

Following the Reign of Terror, this five-member board ruled France

Jacobin leader who ruled during the most violent time of in which thousands of French citizens were executed

Robespierre

Author of The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

Olympe de Gouges

Radical group made up of Parisian wage earners and small shop keepers who wanted a greater voice in the government

Sans-Culottes

One of the most prominent members of the Jacobins, he edited a revolutionary newspaper that stirred up the violent mood in Paris

Marat

Well-known Jacobin and lawyer, eventually executed for being less radical than Robespierre

Danton

_____ was the King during the French Revolution

Louis XVI

The _____ were made up from the French middle class and included merchants, bankers, and industrialists

Bourgeoisie

The ______ was the bloodiest period of the Revolution; somewhere between 30,000 - 40,000 “enemies“ of the Revolution were executed in the name of “liberty, fraternity, and equality”

Reign of Terror

_____ is a sudden over throw/takeover of the government

coup d’Etat

Although they accounted for about 97% of the French population, the _______ only received a one-third vote in the Estates-General

Third Estate

The French Revolution began in this year ____

1789

The ______ made up the First Estate in France

Clergy

The ______ supposedly represented all of the French people, although (prior to the French Revolution) it had not met in almost 175 years

Estates-General

The ______ made up the majority of the Third Estate

Peasants

The Second Estate in France was made up of the _______

Nobility

The National Assembly was initially formed by this group:

Third Estate

This consisted of a series of peasant rebellions throughout the French countryside which motivated the National Assembly to abolish class privileges

The Great Fear

What issue arose after the King called for the Estates General to meet

The amount of votes each Estate would get

In 1793, both the King and Queen of France were:

beheaded

This was a popular slogan for members of the French Revolution

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many of the French peasants?

It took away the Catholic Church’s lands and independence

What kind of government did the French Constitution of 1791 set up?

limited monarchy

Which of the following statements about the Reign of Terror is INcorrect

It was stopped with the arrival of Napoleon and his army

Which group imposed the Reign of Terror?

the Committee of Public Safety

Which of the following is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French Revolution?

Members of the Third Estate paid almost all of the taxes

The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the:

near bankruptcy of the French Treasury

Which group finally forced Robespierre from power?

his fellow revolutionaries

Which group most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the Enlightenment?

the bourgeoisie

Napoleon first came to rule France in 1799 through a sudden seizure of power known as:

a coup d’Etat

What obsolete German state was abolished by Napoleon in 1806 and replaced with the Confederation of the Rhine?

the Holy Roman Empire

The most interesting (and perhaps ironic) aspect of Napoleon’s rule in France was that:

while it contained some characteristics of democracy and the Enlightenment, it was in fact highly authoritarian/dictatorial

Where was Napoleon born and where did he die?

He was born on the island of Corsica and died on the island of St. Helena

He led a slave revolt on the French colony of Saint Domingue (Haiti) against the French

Toussaint l’Ouverture

In 1806 Napoleon attempted to make Europe more self-sufficient through the use of:

the Continental System

He was the British General who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo:

Duke of Wellington

The RUssian practice of burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock to prevent invading French troops from having access to them was called to leave their enemies without any food or supplies:

the Scorched Earth Policy

He was the leader of Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars:

Frederick William III

What was the one important consequence of the Battle of Trafalgar?

Napoleon gave up his plans of invading Britain

This organized all of the German states (except Austria & Prussia) into an alliance with France and Napoleon:

The Confederation of the Rhine

Which of the following statements about the Napoleonic Wars is INcorrect?

The 100 Days was the name given to Napoleon’s failed 1812 invasion of Russia

In this battle Admiral Nelson defeated the French navy and established British supremacy of the seas:

Battle of Trafalgar

He was the president of the United States who purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 for fifteen million dollars:

Thomas Jefferson

This agreement between Napoleon and the Pope resulted in the restoration of good relations between the government of France and the Roman Catholic Church:

the Concordat of 1804

The long draining conflict between Spain & France in the early 1800s was known as the

the Peninsular War

What event began Napoleon’s downfall?

the 1812 Invasion of Russia

Napoleon met his final defeat at the:

Battle of Waterloo

Battle where Napoleon defeated Russian & Austrian army that was twice the size of his; victory here helped to secure Western Europe & Napoleon’s legacy as a military genius

Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Waterloo was between the French and

the British and the Austrians

The Hundred days refers to

Napoleon’s last bid for power

It can be argued that Napoleon possessed all of the following traits EXCEPT

modesty and restraint

The main reason that Napoleon divorced Josephine and married Marie Louise of Austria was

because he was seeking a male heir to the throne

The Battle of Borodino was between the French and

the Russians

Why did Napoleon attack Portugal?

to enforce the terms of the Continental System

How did Great Britain react to the Continental System?

It organized its own blockade

What does the word plebiscite mean?

a vote of the people

To prevent trade and communications between Great Britain and other European Nations, what did Napoleon set up?

a blockade

These were members of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his/her country

guerilla

He was the leader of Russia during the Napoleonic Wars:

Alexander I

After escaping from exile, Napoleon gathered volunteers from the French countryside and seized power from:

Louis XVIII

His famous painting, The Third of May, 1808, depicted Spanish peasants being executed by a French firing squad

Francisco Goya

Someone who favors progress or reform and is usually found on the left side of the political spectrum

liberal

Someone with a strong political perspective who is opposed to the status quo and wants to make dramatic changed to it by going back to a much earlier time

reactionary

Someone who occupies the mainstream position and rejects extreme views, especially in regard to politics and religion, typically they can be found in the middle of the political spectrum

moderate

Someone who is looking to make dramatic, progressive, and/or liberal changes to the status quo

radical

Someone who is interested in pursuing a policy that creates a complete change of the present system in order to put a new/different one in its place

revolutionary

People or ideas that are often inclined to preserve the status quo, or go back to the way things used to be, typically they are placed on the right side of the political specturm

conservatives

the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, economic, legal, environmental, political, religious, scientific or military issues; in the sociological sense, it refers to the current state of social structure or values

the Status Quo

a set of ideas or beliefs, shared by a group of people about how a society should operate. It may be a connected set of ideas, or a style of thought, or a world view

ideology

In regards to the political spectrum, the further from center you go, the _____ extreme

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