A&P 2 Lab Practical 2 Studying (cont)

More Respiratory, Digestive & Urogenital systems

What is another name for the GI tract

Alimentary canal

What what is chewed food in the mouth called?

Bolus

How does food travel down the esophagus to the stomach?

peristalisis

What are the two sphincters of the stomach?

The esophogeal and pyloric sphincters

What are the four regions of the stomach?

The cardiac region, the fundic region, the pyloric region, and the body.

What are the three regions of the small intestine?

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Where does most chemical breakdown of food happen?

duodenum

What is the sight of attachment for accessory organs?

the duodenum

What is bolus+mucus+gastric juices

chyme

Where does most abosrbtion of nutrients occur?

Judi says Duodenum, Amy says Jejunum.

What valve is at the end of the small intestine

ileocecal valve

What are the four main parts of the large intestine

the cecum, the colon (4 parts), the rectum and the anal canal (anus)

What accessory organ (formerly thought to have no function) comes off of the cecum

appendix

What are the four parts of the colon

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid (s shaped)

What structures in the oral/buccal cavity aid in digestion

teeth and tongue (mechanical) and salivary glands (salivary amylase- chemical)

What is E, what is behind E?

E is the hard pallet, it is followed by the soft pallet.

What is F

The uvula

What is the function of salivary amylase?

start the breakdown process of carbohydrates- breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter

control release of chyme from stomach into small intestine to allow time for digestion; protect small intestine from stomach acid

What is the function of rugae

Increase surface area of stomach

What is #2

Esophogeal sphincter

What is 10?

The fundic region/fundus

What is #11?

the body

What is #4

The cardiac region

What is #5

The pyloric region/the plyorus

What is #9

Rugae

What are 13/14/15

The muscle layers

What is #7

The pyloric sphincter

What substance is in the gall bladder?

bile

Name the substance produced by the pancreas

insulin and glycogen

What is #9

The jejunum (small intestine)

What is #8

The ileum (small intestine)

What is #3

The appendix (large intestine-ish)

What is #2? What is inferior to #2

The accending colon, which is inferior to the cecum, the first part of the colon (large intestine)

What is #1

The transverse colon (large intestine)

What is #7

The decending colon (large intestine)

What is #5

The rectum (large intestine)

What is #4

The anus/anal canal (large intestine)

What is #6

sigmoid colon (large intestine)

What is #11

The duodenum

what is #4

the submucousa

what is #3

gastric glands

what are #2

gastric pits

what is #1

the mucousa

what is G

goblet cells

what is e

submucousa

what is c

mucousa

what is below d and e

muscularis

What is average (male) tidal volume

500mL

What is average (male) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

3100mL

What is average (male) expiatory reserve volume (EVR)

1200mL

What is average (male) forced vital capacity (VC)

4800mL (TV+IRV+EVR)

What is average (male) residual volume (RV)

1200mL

What is average (male) total lung capacity (TLC)

6000mL (VC+RV/all combind)

what is tidal volume?

how much air you breath in/out in a normal breath.

what is IRV

a forced inhale, like if you were scared

what is EVR

forced exhale (ie “wind knocked out of you”)

what is vital capacity?

tidal volume, IRV, and ERV combind

what is residual volume

the amount of air that is always in your lungs (so they do not collapse, holds pressure)

what is total lung capacity

all other values combined, the entire amount of air your lungs can hold.