10H Semester 1 Final

English Renaissance

1485-1625

important English Renaissance years

1485; end of the War of Roses, King Henry VII was the first Tudor king: 1492; Columbus lands in the Western Hemisphere: 1620; Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock: 1625; King James I dies

English Renaissance Historical Background

Age of Exploration, Luther and the Protestant Reformation, Tudor Dynasty, religious turmoil(Bloody Mary), Elizabeth I, Stuarts and Puritans

Elizabethan/Golden Age

explosion of cultural energy; architecture, music, painting, sculptures, and literature

sonnet writers

Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare

pastoral writers

Marlowe and Raleigh

drama writers

Marlowe and Shakespeare

prose writing

Bacon and King James Bible

sonnet

14 line lyric poem with a single theme; usually written in iambic pentameter

petrachan

octave and seset

octave

abba abba

seset

cdecde

Spencerian

abab bcbc cdcd ee

sonnet sequence

a group of sonnets linked by theme or person addressed

Edmund Spenser

sonnet sequence "Amoretti" that describes his courtship and eventual marriage to Elizabeth Boyle

Sonnet 1

how lucky Spensers poem is to be looked upon by his love

Sonnet 35

Spenser loves looking at his lover; the more he looks at her, the more he wants her

Sonner 75

Spensers love for his wife will live forever in his poetry

Sir Philip Sidney

sonnet sequence "Astrophel(star lover) and Stella(star)" was inspired by Penelope Devereux, his former fiancee

apostrophe

a figure of speech in which the poet addresses an absent person, an abstract idea or thing

sonnet 31

Sidney/Astrophel spoke to the moon; Sidney/Astrophel thinks the moon looks as sad as him and thinks that, perhaps, the moon is love sick too

sonnet 39

Sidney/Astrophel spoke to sleep; Sidney/Astrophel wants to forget about Stella/Penelope for a while, but promises sleep that its reward letting him sleep will be seeing Stella in his dreams

William Shakespeare

had a sonnet sequence of 154, most addressed to a young man (Mr. W. H.) urging him to marry and have children, midway through the sonnets the focus went to a rival poet, the 25 later ones were addressed to a "dark lady" and the grief caused from her

Shakespearean sonnet

14 lines written in iambic pentameter, rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg, 3 quatrains that present a problem, 1 couplet the may resonate, restate, or redefine the problem

sonnet 29

in the first two quatrains Shakespeare complains about a lack of wealth, friends, talent, etc. in the third quatrain he thinks of his love(use of "yet" shows change), the couplet he realizes he wouldn't want to trade places with anyone because of his love

sonnet 106

Shakespeare was reading about beautiful people and said that, had the poets been alive, they would have written about his love, and, since all of the beautiful words have already been spoken about people, poets could not express how beautiful his love was

sonet 116

Shakespeare says that true love is forever, even under challenging or changing conditions- says that if he is wrong, then he is not a writer and love doesn't exist

sonnet 130

Shakespeare tries to be comedic by making fun of other poems

pastoral poetry

lyrics that celebrate the pleasures of a simple life in the country

pastoral poetry elements

peaceful imagery, idealistic, speaker may be a shepherd in love with a shepherdess, and typically includes desire to withdraw from the world and its struggles

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

Christopher Marlowe, 6 quatrains of iambic tetrameter: aabb. romanticizing country living and what life will be like with him(idealistic)

The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd

Sir Walter Raleigh, most famous reply: mimics stanzas of Marlowe, the shepherd is promising sensual pleasures that will fade: the nymph wants something permanent(realistic)

King James Bible(KJB)

took 7 years to complete, completed in 1611, King James commissioned 54 scholars to translate and compile, the authoritative English translation

psalm

sacred song or lyric poems

psalm 23

often read at funerals, extended metaphor, written by King David who had been a shepherd when he was younger

The Sermon on the Mount

given by Jesus on a mountain in Galilee, contains analogies, the main idea is to trust god to take care of you

sermon

speeches offering religious or moral instruction

The Parable of the Prodigal Son

narrative, shows the boundless mercy of god to repent all sinners

narrative

tells a story

parable

an earthly story with a heavenly meaning

Sir Thomas More

devout Catholic, beheaded by King Henry VIII

Utopia

a fictional story that is also socio-political satire, a frame story where More is the narrator; he meets someone who tells him of Utopia, and was meant to show how rulers should behave, the word utopia comes from a Greek word meaning no place

When was Queen Elizabeth I Armada speech given?

August 9, 1580; she is 55

Where was Queen Elizabeth I Armada speech given?

Tilbury Fort on the coast of England

Why was Queen Elizabeth I Armada speech given?

To rally 400 English troops

Queen Elizabeth I Armada Speech famous line

"I have the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king; and that of a king of England, too"

middle/medieval english

around 1066(Norman invasion)-middle/late 15th century

Author of Canterbury Tales

Geoffrey Chaucer

direct characterization

tells the audience what the personality of the character is

indirect characterization

shows things that reveal the personality of the character

STEAL - (S)

Speech

STEAL - (T)

Thoughts

STEAL - (E)

Effects on others

STEAL - (A)

Actions

STEAL - (L)

Looks

What is the best contemporary picture we have of 14th century England?

Canterbury Tales

How many pilgrims went on the pilgrimage to Canterbury?

30

How many stories were supposed to be told?

120

How many were finished?

24

frame story

a story set within a story, narrative, or movie, told by the main or the supporting character

Father of English Poetry

Chaucer

heroic couplets

a pair of rhyming lines with five stressed syllables each

Canterbury Prologue

introduces us to the characters, who met at a tavern in London

Knight

highest status, chivalrous, fought nobly in many battles, modest clothing, wants to render thanks on the pilgrimage

Squire

hot lover, writes poems and songs, knights son, plays flute and songs, short and agile, curly hair, about 20 years old

Nun/Priestess/Madame Eglantyne

spoke French, loyal to St. Loy, pretends to care, golden broach that says "love conquers all" in Latin, fake

Monk

keeps expensive horses and greyhounds, served St. Benedict & St. Maurice but ignored them, flaunting of wealth is looked down upon, too worldly for monk life

Frair/Hubert

selfish, begs for money and keeps it, good with speech, wears expensive clothing, only wants to be around rich people

Oxford Cleric

no ranking in church, only cares about books, thinks hes better than everyone

Cook/Roger of Ware

makes amazing foods, but is not very sanitary

Doctor

very smart, greedy, prescribes medicine using astrology, has a deal with the pharmacy

Wife of Bath

somewhat deaf, good at sewing, had loose teeth, 5 husbands, gives excellent love advice, always wears a hat

Parson

poor but educated, doesn't like tithes, would help someone no matter what

Plowman

brother of parson, kind hearted, never slacks, helps the poor pay their taxes, pays tithes to the church

Miller

224 lbs of muscle, nose with a wart that has red hair, big nose and mouth, carried a sword and shield, bad language, took grain and sold it 3x its worth, plays bagpipes

Summoner

acne covered face, so ugly children run from him, heavy drinker, smells badly, will get people out of trouble for a bribe

Pardoner

rode with the summoner, sings and plays the trumpet, sings at church sometimes, claims to have holy relics, cant grow a beard, feminine, gay(?)

The Pardoners Tale (background)

The Pardoner is probably drunk when telling the tale, brags about how he swindles people, is an example of an exemplum

exemplum

a short anecdote or story that illustrates a particular moral point

When and why were exemplums created

In the late middle ages to be used in sermons

Pardoners Tale (synopsis)

about how the love of money is the root of all evil, three rioters kill each other in an attempt to get the most money

Wife of Baths Tale (background)

in the so called "marriage group" of the Canterbury tales, directed at the Pardoner(who is considering marriage), the tale is set in the times of King Arthur, the prologue is longer than the tale, discusses each of her five husbands

Wife of Baths Tale (synopsis)

Knight rapes a woman and is about to be killed when Queen Guinevere decides to make him find out what women truly desire, and, he doesn't find it out until an old lady tells him, which saves his life, and so he has to marry her, and he gives her full control so she becomes a beautiful young woman

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (background)

One of the best known Arthurian stories, Pearl Poet, 1/4 alliterative poems written by Pearl Poet, bob and wheel story written in mid-late 14th century in middle English

medieval romance

adventure stories that feature kings, knights, and damsels in distress and tell of quests, battles, and doomed love

legends typically include

heroic figures and memorable deeds, quests, contests, or tests, patterned events

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Setting

Medieval England and Wales; begins at Arthurs Castle in Camelot; Green Chapel

Sir Gawain

King Arthurs nephew, thinks hes the weakest, low self esteem

Green Knight/Bertilack of Haughtdesert

the knight who challenged someone to take his head off, gave Gawain a knick on the neck

Lady Bertilak

tried to tempt Gawain, gave him the green belt

beheading trope

can be told to ensure crop growth, Irish tale is supreme courage, 12th century French romance is similar

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - exposition

King Arthur and the Boyz celebrate New Years/Christmas in Camelot

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - rising action

Green Knight gives the test and Sir Gawain accepts and cuts the Green Knights's head off

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - climax

the third swing of the axe

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - falling action

Green Knight says Gawain can keep the belt

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - denouement

Green Knight invites Gawain to next years New Years celebration

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - theme

loyalty, honor your promises

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - symbols

green girdle: failure -\> honor and loyalty, green branch: peace

Morte d'Arthur - author

Sir Thomas Malory

Morte d'Arthur - background

written in Middle English prose, based on Arthurian legend, apart of a series of 8 books starting with Arthur's birth, first English novel ever published(published after Malorys death)