BIO 135: Classification of Neurons/Synapses

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering the classification and functions of neurons and synapses as outlined in the BIO 135 lecture notes.

Multipolar Neurons

Neurons that have one axon and two or more dendrites, most common in CNS.

Bipolar Neurons

Neurons with one axon and one dendrite, primarily found in special sensory pathways such as the retina.

Unipolar Neurons

Neurons with a single process that splits into peripheral and central branches, located in dorsal root ganglia.

Sensory Neurons

Also known as afferent neurons, they carry impulses toward the CNS, usually unipolar.

Motor Neurons

Also known as efferent neurons, they carry impulses away from the CNS, usually multipolar.

Interneurons

Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons, entirely located within the CNS, and are the most abundant (over 99%).

Cholinergic Neurons

Neurons that release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Dopaminergic Neurons

Neurons that release dopamine.

GABAergic Neurons

Neurons that release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Glutamatergic Neurons

Neurons that release glutamate.

Serotonergic Neurons

Neurons that release serotonin.

Chemical Synapses

The most common type of synapse using neurotransmitters to transmit signals.

Electrical Synapses

Synapses that use gap junctions for direct ion flow, allowing for extremely fast transmission.

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

A postsynaptic potential that depolarizes the membrane and increases the likelihood of reaching threshold.

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

A postsynaptic potential that hyperpolarizes the membrane and decreases the likelihood of action potential.

Neurotransmitter Removal Methods

Includes reuptake, enzymatic breakdown, and diffusion.