HAPP

3 flaps

How many flaps valve in tricuspid/atrioventricular

2 flaps

How many flaps valve in bicuspid/Mitral valve

Esophageal Artery

supplies blood to esophagus

Phrenic Artery

supplies blood to the diaphragm

60-100 bpm

normal heart rate

70-80 bpm

heart rate for women

62-72 bpm

heart rate for men

Systolic Pressure

higher number in the blood pressure

120-180

Normal blood pressure

Diastolic Pressure

lower number in the blood pressure

Small Saphenous Vein

A vein located posterior (back) in the leg that drains blood from the foot and calf into the popliteal vein.

Popliteal Vein

formed by the union of the tibial vein, it travels through the knee region and become the femoral vein in the thigh

Femoral Vein

Major vein in the thigh that eventually continues as the external illiac vein as it enters the pelvic

less than 120

normal bp: Systolic

less than 80

Normal bp: Diatolic

120-129

Elevated bp: Systolic

less than 80

Elevated bp: Diastolic

130-139

Stage 1 Hypertension: Systolic

80-89

Stage 1 Hypertension: Diastolic

140 higher

Stage 2 Hypertension: Systolic

90 higher

Stage 2 Hypertension: Diatolic

Intrinsic Conduction System or Nodal System

This is built into heart tissue sets the basic rhythm

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Has the highest rate of depolarization in the whole system, so it can start the beat and natural pacemaker for the whole heart

Atrial Contruction

After the SA impulse spread this start to contract

Ventricular Contraction

Phase 1 that contract the heart beat

Sinoatrial Node

Located in right atrium in the entrance of superior vena cava

Electron Impulse

It is from sinoatrial node to the left and right atrial and stimulate

Atrioventricular Node

Located in other side of right atrium near to av valve and it serve as electrical gate way to the ventricle

AV bundle (bundles of his)

After receive signal from SA node to AV nodes it passed to

Purkinje Fiber

When electric signal to apex make the signal it will pass to the _______ turning upward the ventricular myocardium and it will result “Wringing”

75 per minute

Heartbeat is approximately

0.8 Second

Cardiac cycle is normally about

70-76

Normal pulse rate

Mid-to-late diastole

The cycle starts with the heart in complete relaxation

Ventricular Systole

Shortly after, the ventricular contraction begins, and the pressure within the ventricles increases rapidly closing the AV valve

Early Diastole

At the end of systole, the ventricles relax

Peripheral resistance

the amount of friction the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels.

parasympathetic division

the autonomic nervous system has little or no effect on blood pressure

sympathetic division

the major action of causing vasoconstriction or narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases blood pressure

Renal Factor

The kidneys play a major role in regulating arterial blood pressure by altering blood volume

vasoconstricting effect

cold has a ________ effect

vasodilating effect

heat has a _______ effect

Epinephrine

e increases both heart rate and blood pressure;

nicotine

increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction;

alcohol and histamine

cause vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.

Diet

Although medical opinions tend to change and are at odds from time to time

Capillary network

Capillaries form an intricate network among the body’s cells such that no substance has to diffuse very far to enter or leave a cell.

Routes

substances leaving or entering the blood may take one of four routes

Lipid-soluble substances

substances can diffuse directly through their plasma membrane

Lipid-insoluble substances

substances may enter or leave the blood and/or pass through the plasma membrane