Body Structures and Organ Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding body structures and organ systems, including cell structures, functions of various organs, and the relationships between different body systems.

What are cells considered in biological terms?

Cells are the building blocks of life.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the internal components of the cell from the surrounding environment.

What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?

The cytoplasm contains many suspended organelles and serves as a medium for chemical reactions.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, regulating cell activity and housing genetic material.

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis for both internal and external use.

What distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

The rough endoplasmic reticulum supports the synthesis and transport of proteins, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum supports the synthesis of lipids.

What is the function of lysosomes?

Lysosomes digest waste materials, including damaged materials and old cell components.

What are the primary structures of the cardiovascular system?

The primary structures include the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and the three layers of the heart (epicardium, myocardium, endocardium).

What is the function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

The kidneys are responsible for removing waste from the blood and producing urine.

What are the main parts of the digestive system?

The main parts include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What is the function of the endocrine system?

The endocrine system produces, stores, and releases hormones to maintain homeostasis.

What role do the male testes play in the reproductive system?

The testes produce sperm and testosterone.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

How do organ systems contribute to homeostasis?

Organ systems rely on each other to achieve and maintain homeostasis, affecting each other's ability to function properly.