Repro exam 3

t/f: Highest levels of progesterone during the estrous cycle are associated with the corpus luteum

true

(T/F) All forms of gametes and hormone producing cells are found in the cortex

true

T/F An animal must have a functional corpus luteum to respond to PGF2a.

true

A Graafian follicle is preparing to ovulate, what's occurring?

LH surge has occurred, animal is showing estrus behavior, enzymes are activated to weaken the basement membrane

A single cell embryo is called a

zygote

In most species, sperm numbers at the AIJ would be in...

thousands

Which of the following would limit or prevent polyspermia

release of the enzyme in the cortical granules, change in the structure of the vitalline membrane, enzymatic changes in the zona pellucida

Crossover would occur during

meiosis

Fertilization is completed at

The pronuclei fusing at Syngamy

t/f: The polar body of an egg represents a set of chromosomes cast out of the egg.

true

t/f: oocyte numbers are highest just before birth when all of the oocytes are 1N

false

t/f: the second meitotic division takes place after ovulation in most farm species

true

t/f: transport of the oocyte through the ampulla to the AIJ usually takes less than one day and is done by cilia movement and muscle contraction

true

(T/F) Sexual differentiation begins during the first trimester

false

(T/F) Sexual differentiation begins during the third trimester

false

t/f: the largest percentage increase, in cell number, in an animal's lifetime occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy

true

t/f: all parts of the reproductive system originate from the mesoderm of the embryo

false

t/f: the allantois membrane stores all the fetal waste

false

Which of the following might be responsible for embryo mortality

genetics, low progesterone, uterine crowding

The last organ to be function is the

lungs

____ is the placental hormone that regulates growth of the fetus

none of the above (placental lactogen)

An animal is a hermaphrodite, what does this mean

has both reproductive ducts partially develop

An animal is a freemartin, what does this mean

it is the result of being a twin

t/f: In cattle, we would say that the placenta is retained if the animal has not passed the placenta within two hours after the birth of the neonate.

true

(T/F) Colostrum is the first milk produced and provides the neonate with both passive immunity and higher levels of nutrients than later milk.

true

t/f: lochia is the term used to describe the passing of placental/fetal membranes and blood for a few days after parturition

true

which species ha s a normal gestational length of approximately 280 days

bovine (cow)

which of the following terms would be used to describe a uterine infection

metritis

Which of the following terms would be used to describe any form of difficult delivery

dystocia

which of the following terms would be used to describe delivery of the fetus

parturition

Which of the following would normally increase gestational length

twins, first pregnancy, female fetus

what is syngamy

first step in fertilization

which species would not respond to PGF2a shot on day 5

none of the above

3 multiple choice options

which of the following embryo-placental membranes will give rise to the first gamete cells

mesoderm

which of the following describes a freemartin

none of the above

A set of twins are both female:

they could be any of the above

which of the following species can ovulate during postpartum estrus

equine

which procedure discussed in ch.14 would have allowed long-term storage of female genetics

cryopreservation

which technique we discussed would limit nonproductive days and improve artificial insemination efficiency

super ovulation

which technique we discussed would incorporate synchronization, super ovulation, and AI into its processes

embryo transfer

which species requires surgical embryo recovery

sheep

which species shows no detectable signs of heat in the absence of an intact male animal

sheep

the first documented use of artificial insemination was performed in the 1700's in which species

canine

t/f: as production agriculturist, we need not worry about the general public's views on assisted reproduction

false

t/f: all clones will look exactly alike due to a process called epigenetic

false

t/f: various assisted reproductive technologies such as cloning and transgenics can be used to increase food supplies

false

which ART can produce an exact genetic and physical copy of an adult animal

none of the above

which ART involved injecting a single sperm inside the egg cel

ICSI

which assisted reproductive technology has recently improved the efficiency of transgenics

CRISPR

which species has a normal gestational length of approximately 730 days

none of the above

other than standing heat, which of the signs below would be signs of approaching estrus

restlessness