com 2 exam

Catalogue

List of books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.

Abstract

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

Bibliography

A list compiled early in the research process of works that may contain helpful information about a speech topic.

Database

A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers.

Sponsoring organization

An organization that is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet when there is no clearly identified author.

Supporting materials

Materials used to support a speaker’s ideas, including examples, statistics, and testimony.

Example

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, or experiences.

Brief example

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

Extended example

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

Hypothetical example

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

Statistics

Numerical data.

Mean

The average value of a group of numbers.

Median

The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.

Strategic organization

Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

Main points

The major points developed in the body of a speech.

Chronological order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.

Spatial order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

Causal order

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.

Problem-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that presents a problem and then a solution.

Topical order

A method of speech organization that divides the topic into logical subtopics.

Connective

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates their relationships.

Transition

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.

Rhetorical question

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than aloud.

Credibility

The audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

Goodwill

The audience’s perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.

Preview statement

A statement in the introduction that identifies the main points to be discussed.

Crescendo ending

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity.

Dissolve ending

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading to a dramatic final statement.

Preparation outline

A detailed outline developed during speech preparation that includes key elements like title, purpose, main points, and bibliography.

Visual Framework

The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline showing the relationship among ideas.

Speaking outline

A brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation.

Delivery cues

Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how to deliver key parts.

Nonverbal communication

Communication based on a person’s use of voice and body rather than words.

Manuscript speech

A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

Impromptu speech

A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

Extemporaneous speech

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech presented from a brief set of notes.

Conversational quality

Presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous regardless of preparation.

Volume

The loudness or softness of a speaker’s voice.

Inflections

Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker’s voice.

Rate

The speed at which a person speaks.

Vocalized pause

A pause filled with vocalizations like 'uh', 'er', and 'um'.

Vocal variety

Changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that provide variety and expressiveness.

Pronunciation

The accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language.

Articulation

The physical production of particular speech sounds.

Dialect

A variety of a language distinguished by variations in accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

Gestures

Motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech.

Eye contact

Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person.