osmotic diuretics moa
on proximal tubule, increases urinary excretion of almost all electrolytes
Cli osmotic diuretics
narrow → acute RF, brain + eye edema
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic
SE osmotic diuretics
hyponatremia + pul edema OR hypernatremia + dehydration
furosemide
loop diuretic
what is the strongest diuretic?
loop diuretics (furosemide)
Moa loop diuretics
on loop of henle → blocks reabsorption Na + K + H20, Mg + Ca excreted, increases renal flow + venodilation
Cli loop diuretics
emergency, HTN + edema in RF, pul edema in HF
loop diuretics are used w/
K+ sparing diuretics
SE loop diuretics
cramps, ion imbalances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia), hypotension, ototoxicity
DDI loop diuretics
aminoglycosides, lithium, digoxin, ACE-i
hydrochlorothiazide (HCht) + Indapamide
thiazide diuretics
Moa thiazides
on distal tubule → increases salt + water loss
Cli thiazides
wide → HTN, HF (arrhythmias, post-MI), diabetes insipidus
SE thiazides
hypercalcemia, gout, dizziness, cramps, hypokalemia
DDI thiazides
lithium, digoxin, ACE-i
SE of thiazides are hypokalemia which is remedied by administering what
K+ sparing diuretics
Amiloride
K+ sparing diuretics (weak)
moa k+ sparing diuretics
on distal tubule
K+ sparing diuretics SE
hyperkalemia, GIT symptoms
moa spironolactone
ALD regulated → resembles steroid, antagonist mineralocorticoid r in distal tubules + collecting duct, natriuretic + k+ sparing
SE spirinolactone
hyperkalemia, mimics steroids (gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual disturbances)
Cli spirinolactone
cardiac edema + HTN, cirrhosis
Th urge incontinence (overactivity detrusor)
parasympatholytics (oxybutinin) + alpha-agonist
moa psly (oxybutinin)
inhibition detrusor contractions, extends time of urgency to urinate
moa alpha-agonists
increases intraurethral p → increased sphincter tone → bladder closure
th for stress incontinence (defective closure)
a-agonists
most common cause of drug induced incontinence
diuretics, alcohol, anticholinergics
Th BPH
a1-antagonists (tamsulosin) + 5a-reductase i (finasteride)
moa a1 antagonist
causes m in prostate to relax
5a-reductase i (finasteride) moa
competes w/ testosterone for enzyme (DHT inhibited) → prostate volume reduction