IB History of the Americas Chapter 6 Section 1

What policy did Great Britain pursue in the colonies during the late 1760s and 1770s?

A policy of law and order.

What significant protest occurred in December 1773 in Boston?

The Boston Tea Party, where an unruly mob dumped tea into Boston Harbor.

What was the British response to the Boston Tea Party in 1774?

They sent troops to Boston and closed Boston Harbor.

What event is referred to as the 'shot heard round the world'?

The confrontation on April 19, 1775, between Massachusetts militias and British troops.

What was the impact of the Coercive Acts on Massachusetts?

They closed Boston Harbor, limited colonial assembly meetings, and disbanded town meetings.

What did the First Continental Congress advocate in 1774?

A boycott of all British goods and the establishment of the Continental Association.

Who was dispatched to restore order in Boston in May 1774?

General Thomas Gage.

What were the Suffolk Resolves?

A declaration that rejected the Coercive Acts and called for raising colonial militias.

What role did minutemen play in the lead-up to the American Revolution?

They were local militias that could mobilize quickly for conflict.

What was the purpose of General Gage's raids on towns?

To seize weapons and gunpowder to impose law and order.

What happened on April 19, 1775, in Concord, Massachusetts?

British troops attempted to seize a powder magazine, leading to skirmishes with minutemen.

What was the outcome of the battles of Lexington and Concord?

The British retreated to Boston, suffering casualties from ambushes by militias.

What was the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill?

Despite British victory, they suffered heavy losses and could not break the colonial siege.

What did King George III declare about the colonies in August 1775?

He declared the colonies to be in a state of rebellion.

What was the Tea Act of 1773?

An act that granted the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies.

What was the reaction of the colonies to British taxation efforts?

Many colonists resisted, leading to boycotts and violent protests.

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A Patriot group that led boycotts and protests against British goods.

What was the significance of the Siege of Boston?

It marked the mobilization of thousands of militias against British forces.

What did the British troops face during their retreat from Concord?

Ambushes from militias, resulting in significant casualties.

What was the strategic importance of Breed's Hill during the American Revolution?

It provided a vantage point for rebel militias to target British forces.

What did the destruction of tea during the Boston Tea Party symbolize?

A radical escalation of tensions between Great Britain and the American colonies.

What did the Continental Association do?

It enforced local adherence to the boycott of British goods.

How did the British attempt to disarm the insurgents in Massachusetts?

By confiscating weapons and arresting leaders of the patriotic movement.

What was the result of the British attempts to seize munitions in New England?

They faced organized resistance from local militias, leading to confrontations.

What did the British military operations in Boston lead to?

The formation of local rebel militias and increased preparations for conflict.

What significant action did General George Washington take to force the British evacuation of Boston?

He used cannons from Fort Ticonderoga positioned on hills overlooking British positions and Boston Harbor.

When did the British evacuate Boston?

On March 17, 1776.

What document did Mecklenburg County issue in May 1775, and what did it signify?

The Mecklenburg Resolves, which declared that a rebellion against Great Britain had begun and that authority had passed to the Continental Congress.

What was Dunmore's Proclamation and its impact?

It promised freedom to enslaved people who fought for the Loyalists, which galvanized Patriot resistance and increased commitment to independence.

What was the main argument presented in Thomas Paine's pamphlet 'Common Sense'?

It argued for independence from Britain and rejected monarchy, advocating for a republic governed by elected representatives.

What did Paine call King George III in 'Common Sense'?

A 'royal brute'.

What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

To articulate the justification for liberty and sever ties with Great Britain.

Who primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

What key Enlightenment principle is stated in the Declaration of Independence?

'All Men are created equal' and are endowed with unalienable Rights such as Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.

What contradiction does the Declaration of Independence reveal?

The conflict between the existence of slavery and the assertion that 'all men are created equal.'

What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence for future movements?

It served as a basis for many subsequent independence movements worldwide.

How did the Declaration of Independence address the issue of governance?

It stated that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.

What was the reaction of Patriot leaders to Dunmore's Proclamation?

They feared it would incite a race war and increased their commitment to independence.

What was the role of militias as stated in the Mecklenburg Resolves?

Militias were to be formed under the control of the Continental Congress.

What was the impact of 'Common Sense' on colonial sentiment?

It helped convince many colonists to reject monarchy and support independence.

What did the Declaration of Independence do in addition to stating principles?

It was sent to France and Spain to seek support and aid against Great Britain.

What was the fate of Lord Dunmore after the events in Virginia?

He fled Virginia in 1776.

What was the societal philosophy that guided the Patriots during their struggle?

Republicanism, which emphasized virtue and the public good over self-interest.

What was the significance of the phrase 'the Right of the People to alter or abolish' in the Declaration?

It asserts the people's right to change a government that becomes destructive to their rights.

How did the British view their position in Boston before the evacuation?

They realized they were in an untenable position and could not effectively return fire on the colonial positions.

What was the effect of the British evacuation on the siege of Boston?

It ended the nearly year-long siege.

What was the role of the Continental Congress in 1776?

They met to agree on severing ties with Great Britain and to draft the Declaration of Independence.

What was the public's response to Paine's use of simple language in 'Common Sense'?

It made the pamphlet accessible to ordinary people, increasing its popularity.

What was the relationship between the Declaration of Independence and the concept of popular sovereignty?

The Declaration emphasized that citizens should determine their representatives and governance through majority rule.

How did the Declaration of Independence frame the concept of equality?

It framed equality as existing only among White men, excluding women and non-White individuals.