AP Psych Unit 5 part 2 5.3-5.5 COMPLETE

Psychological Disorder

A disturbance in people’s thoughts emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives.

Medical Model

The concept that diseases- in this case psychological disorders- have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured often through treatment in a hospital

Timing Kyofusho

A culture bound syndrome prevalent in japan, characterized by an intense fear of offending others or being embarrassed by ones physical appearance or behavior in public

Diathesis stress model

The concept that genetic predispositions (diathesis) combine with environmental stressors (stress) to influence psychological disorder

Epigenetics

Above or in addition to genetics, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression (without DNA change)

Psychodynamic

Unresolved childhood conflicts and unconscious thoughts

Humanistic

Lack of social support and the inability to fulfill one’s potential

Behavioral

Maladaptive learned associations

Cognitive

Maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions

Biological

Genetic or physiological predispositions

Evolutionary

Maladaptive forms of behaviors that enabled human survival

Sociocultural

Problematic social and cultural contexts

DSM-5-TR

The American psychiatric associatn’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition text revision. A widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

NSSI

Non suicidal self injury, self harm as a means of punishment, relief, attention, fitting in

Immigrant Paradox

Mexican Americans who have recently moved to the us are at less rise of a disorder

Social Anxiety disorder

Characterized by an intense fear of social situations, leading to the avoidance of such

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Characterized by a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal

Free-floating

May not be able to identify the cause, cannot deal with it or avoid it

Comorbidity

Having more than one diagnoses

Panic Disorder

Characterized by panic attacks and subsequent worry over a possible next attack

Panic Attacks

Unpredictable, minutes long episodes of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, can include heart palpitations, shortness of breath choking, trembling, or dizziness

Phobias

Characterized by intense irrational fear and avoidance of some object, activity, or situation

Agoraphobia

Fear of crowds and wide open spaces

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and or actions. Hoarders, checkers, counters, cleaners

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Characterized by an obsessive need for neatness, order, and symmetry

Post traumatic stress disorder

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Survivor resiliency

Studies have focused on people who go through traumatic events, yet do not develop PTSD

Post traumatic growth

Positive changes that come after experiencing extremely challenging circumstances an life crises

Two neurotransmitters that are linked with social anxiety disorder

Serotonin and Glutamate

Persistent Depressive disorder

Characterized by a mildly depressed mood more often that not for at least two years. Also called Dysthymic Disorder

Mania

Characterized by a euphoric, hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Bipolar disorder

Characterized by the alternating between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Bipolar 1

Classic diagnosis, experience periods of inflated moods followed by depressive episodes

Bipolar 2

Milder form, experience at least of episode of hypomania and at least one major depressive episode

Neurotransmitter levels are low during depressive states and elevated suing mania

Norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter Levels are also low during depressive states

Serotonin

Rumination

Compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes

Body Dysmorphia

Preoccupation with perceived body defects, often repeatedly check their appearance in the mirror

Trichotillomania

Hair-pulling disorder

Post traumatic stress disorder

Being persistently haunted by an experience that was traumatic for 4 or more weeks

Major depressive disorder

A disorder in which a person experiences five or more symptoms lasting 2+ weeks in the absence of drug use or a medical condition at least one must be a depressed moof or loss of interest

Psychotic disorders

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions and loss of contact with reality

Delusions

A false belief, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Hallucinations

See, hear, feel, taste, smell things. Small sounds, glimpses of visual that can easily grasp attention

Acute schizophrenia

Reactive schizophrenia, a form that can begin at any age, occurs in response to a traumatic event and from which recovery is more likely

Chronic schizophrenia

Process schizophrenia, a form in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence and early adulthood o

Dissociative disorders

A controversial rare group of disorders characterized by a disruption of or discontinuity on the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior

Dissociative identity disorder

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating identities

Dissociative amnesia

A disorder in which people with intact brains reportedly experience memory gaps people with it may report not remembering trauma events, people, or aspects of their identity and life history.

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which a person usually a man exhibits a lack of conscience for wrong doing, even towards friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever conartist

Anorexia Nervosa

An ED usually a young girl, maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has inaccurate self-perception: sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Bulimia Nervosa

An ED where a persons binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, vomiting, laxatives, fasting, over exercise

Binge-eating disorder

Significant bout of bingeing followed by remorse (no fasting, purge, or exercise)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

CNS abnormalities that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior

ADHD

Extreme inattention and or hyperactivity and impulsivity