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Flashcards of Research Methods Used in IB Psychology HL Paper 3
Definition of Quantitative
The data gathered in these studies is numerical.
Definition of Qualitative
Qualitative data are descriptions or whole sentences.
Quantitative Research Methods
Experiments
Correlational
Survey
Qualitative Research Methods
Interview
Case Study
Observation
Questionnaire
Experiements
Lab Experiment
Field Experiment
Quasi Experiment
Natural Experiment
Definition of a Lab Experiments
A lab experiment aims to find a cause and effect relationship, and is conducted in a lab for a short time using random allocation
Strengths of a Lab Experiment
High internal validity-
Can establish Cause and effect relationship
Highly standardized
Random allocation
Limitations of a Lab Experiment
Low ecological validity
Definition of a Field Experiment
When we do studies outside of the laboratory, in the "real world"
Strengths of a Field Experiment
High ecological validity
Limitations of a Field Experiment
High chance of extraneous variables
Low reliability
Ethical considerations
Definition of a Quasi Experiment
Participants are not randomly allocated to conditions but grouped based on a trait or behavior.
Strengths of a Quasi Experiment
High ecological validity
Limitations of a Quasi Experiment
Extraneous variables
Ethical considerations
Definition of a Natural Experiment
Refers to an independent variable that is environmental in nature and outside of the control of the researcher. Pre-test, post-test design.
Definition of a Correlational Study
Studying the relationship between two variables when one variable changes, another variable changes as well.
Strengths of a Correlational Study
Can be done without having to do an experiment -Does not necessarily require participants
Limitations of a Correlational Study
No cause-and-effect relationship, Bidirectional ambiguity
Definition of a Survey
A survey is both a set of questions and the process of collecting, aggregating, and analyzing the responses from those questions.
Strengths of a Survey
Allow for degrees of opinion, Quantitative data is obtained, which means that the data can be analyzed using statistical methods.
Limitations of a Survey
Data is hard to analyze using statistics, You should only use median and mode, measurement can be compromised due to social desirability
