US IH Final Study Guide

Reasons for European Exploration

The pursuit of God, Gold, and Glory.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of crops, people, diseases, ideas, technologies, and animals between Europe and the Americas, leading to significant impacts on both regions.

Spanish

The _______ approach to colonization involving the conversion of natives, the encomienda system, and the establishment of a racially mixed population with a caste system.

English

The _______ colonization of North America, exemplified by Jamestown, the exclusion of natives from settlements, and the focus on agriculture and mercantilism.

Dutch

The ______ colonization of Canada characterized by fur trade, friendly native relationships, limited land conquest, and religious tolerance.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A rebellion led by indentured servants in Virginia against the colonial government's preference for indentured servitude over slavery.

The First Great Awakening

A Protestant religious revival in the colonies led by figures like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, emphasizing evangelical preaching and denominationalism.

US Revolution

The events leading to the _________, including the French and Indian War, British taxation acts, the Continental Congress, and the eventual Declaration of Independence.

Articles of Confederation

The first framework of the United States government, outlining its limited powers, weaknesses, and eventual replacement by the Constitution after the Critical Period.

Era of Good Feelings

Marked by a lack of sectionalism and the merging of Federalist views into the Democratic-Republican party.

Henry Clay’s American System

Resembles Hamilton's plans with the addition of Federal Roads and Canals.

McCulloch vs Maryland

Case where the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States was upheld by Chief Justice Marshall.

Second Party System

Divided between Democrats and National Republicans (Whigs) based on different views.

Common Man

Represents the idea that ordinary people are capable of extraordinary achievements.

BUS

Bank War involving the renewal of the ____________ and Jackson's veto.

Native Americans during Reconstruction

Involves the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears.

Whigs

Political party opposing Andrew Jackson.

Abolitionism

Movement advocating for the end of slavery.

Cult of Domesticity

Ideology emphasizing women's role in the home.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. should expand from coast to coast.

Mexican-American War

Conflict resulting in the acquisition of California and New Mexico by the U.S.

International Immigration

Involves German and Irish immigrants and the American "Know-Nothing" Party.

Free-Soil Party

Group supporting the Wilmot Proviso and opposing the expansion of slavery.

Clay’s Compromise of 1850

Attempt to address slavery-related issues but left many dissatisfied.

Fugitive Slave Law 1850

Controversial law regarding the capture and return of escaped slaves.

"Bleeding Kansas"

Conflict over slavery in Kansas.

Dred Scott

Supreme Court case impacting slavery in territories.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's order to free Southern slaves during the Civil War.

Reconstruction

Post-Civil War period involving constitutional amendments and social changes.

Black Codes

Laws restricting the rights of freed slaves in the South.

Jim Crow Laws

Segregation laws affecting African Americans in various aspects of life.

Civil Rights Act 1875

Legislation prohibiting segregation but later found unconstitutional.

Legal Challenges to 14/15 Amendments

Cases questioning the constitutionality of civil rights laws and segregation.