Classification of Matter

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the classification of matter, including definitions and examples of pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds.

What is matter?

Matter is the material that makes up all things and anything that has mass and occupies space.

How is matter classified?

Matter is classified as either pure substances or mixtures based on its composition.

What are pure substances?

Pure substances have a fixed or definite composition.

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

A pure substance has a fixed composition, while a mixture contains two or more different substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined.

What defines a pure substance?

A pure substance is either an element composed of one type of atom or a compound made of two or more elements combined in a definite ratio.

Give an example of an element and its chemical symbol.

Copper (Cu) is an example of an element.

What is a compound?

A compound contains two or more elements in a definite ratio.

Name a common compound and its formula.

Water (H2O) is a common compound.

What is a mixture?

A mixture consists of two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined.

What is the composition of a homogeneous mixture?

In a homogeneous mixture, the composition is uniform throughout and the different parts are not visible.

What defines a heterogeneous mixture?

In a heterogeneous mixture, the composition varies from one part to another, and the different parts are visible.

How can mixtures be separated?

Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.

What method can be used to separate a solid from a liquid?

Filtration can be used to separate a solid from a liquid.

Classify air as a pure substance or a mixture.

Air is classified as a mixture.

Classify water as a pure substance or a mixture.

Water is classified as a pure substance.

Is sugar water a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

Sugar water is a homogeneous mixture.

Is a hot fudge sundae a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A hot fudge sundae is a heterogeneous mixture.

What type of mixture is brass?

Brass is a homogeneous mixture of copper and zinc.

What happens to table salt when it decomposes?

The decomposition of table salt (NaCl) produces sodium and chlorine.